A abordagem da violência e sua superação na política pública de Assistência Social: concepções e práticas dos profissionais do Serviço de Proteção e Atendimento Especializado a Famílias e Indivíduos - PAEFI

Abstract

This research focused in understanding the perception of professionals of the brazilian public policy of social assistance, Specialized Reference Centers for Social Assistance (CREAS) in particular its coordinators and technicians from the Specialized Protection and Assistance Service for Families and Individuals (PAEFI), on violence / violation of rights and its overcoming. We proposed as specific objectives to analyze how overcoming appears in the documents that guide the practice of the workers; elucidate the perceptions, assumptions and meanings that guide the professionals' conception of violence / violation and overcoming; understand how these conceptions guide the praxis of the worker, implying the inextricable relationship between theory and practice. The history of building the perspective of social protection as a law in Brazil is briefly presented, highlighting the constitution of the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS) and contextualization of the PAEFI service in the Belo Horizonte scenario. Some theoretical assumptions are explained to understand the phenomenon of violence and rape, in a perspective that problematizes the inseparable relationship between structural / systemic violence and the intersubjective violence presented in relationships. The theoretical contributions of philosophers Amartya Sen and Jean Paul Sartre and researchers of social service, psychology and social sciences are explained in the exercise of approximations of the construction of meaning of the term overcoming from the concepts of freedom, autonomy, resilience, capabilities and power of action. The qualitative methodology is presented as more pertinent in the accomplishment of this study, since it proposes to know and analyze meanings and perceptions. In order to construct the data, we opted for a free reading of the Single System of Social Assistance (SUAS) regulatory documents, with the view for the conception of overcoming and the promotion of meetings with focal groups of professionals, aiming to instigate reflections and their interpretation about violence and its overcoming from the follow-up of the users of PAEFI. Dialectical hermeneutics was the guiding way of analyzing and understanding the data in light of the existing theoretical productions on the subject. The overcoming appears in the documents as a goal to be achieved in coping with vulnerabilities and violations, pointing to the need of protagonism of users public policy and workers in the contribution of this process. Based on the reports presented by the professionals, the PAEFI service presents itself as a powerful space for building meetings and linking with users, which can foster processes of overcoming from the co-production of autonomy, the development of tangible and subjective resources, the reciprocal recognition of the potentialities and limitations involved and the perspective of integrality. The overcoming is thus taken not as a final and universal product, but as a processual dimension, never finished, that is engaged by the subject itself, its freedom and autonomy, but also by alterity, the encounter with the other, the support that you find in a friendship, in a family or even in a support service like PAEFI. Thus, the worker and the public policy can be catalysts of the processes of overcoming developed by the users. The slogan seems to be the encounter, which allows reciprocal learning and transformations to workers, users and the public policy of social assistance.