Comparação de técnicas fisioterapêuticas em pacientes com hérnia de disco lombar

Abstract

Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation is a pathological condition and occurs due to rupture of the fibrous annulus, following a displacement of the nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral space, affecting about 2% to 3% of the world population, with a prevalence of 4.8% in men and 2.5% in women over 35 years. The first-line treatment for HDL has been conservative treatment, with the goal of relieving symptoms, reducing disability, slowing the progression of the disease and restoring the patient's physical condition. Objective: To obtain information on physiotherapeutic techniques used for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and the comparison of such techniques for the resolution of symptoms. Methods: This is a descriptive and exploratory study, being a literature review based on materials found in the databases: PeDro, Medline, Scielo and Lilacs. Results: A variety of techniques have been found to enable comprehensive rehabilitation. However, this review showed that there are still conflicts in the results obtained due to the difficulty of discussing several interventions in the same study. The studies analyzed different outcomes, isolated or in association, positive results were seen in pain relief, functional capacity, improvement of contraction and recruitment of lumbar stabilizers, and reduction of herniated disc size, thereby ensuring greater functionality for patients with lumbar hernias. Conclusion: In the search for better answers and good results regarding mechanisms that cause the signs and symptoms caused by the herniated discs, the physiotherapist has a range of techniques that can be used, thus avoiding that many patients undergo surgical procedures. However, future studies with longer follow-up periods should be performed to verify the effects of the prposed interventions in the medium and long term.