Metodologia para mitigar os efeitos adversos gerados pelo desmonte de rocha com explosivos em minerações a céu aberto

Abstract

The absence of norms and regulations for the classification of mining enterprises according to their social and environmental complexity, besides the absence of the same regulations for the evaluation of the process of rock-clearing with the use of explosives, indicating the main activities and stages to be observed in a rock-clearing process with the use of explosives in mining enterprises located in urban areas and, mainly, the indication of the main techniques and procedures for the effective control of the effects of the dismantling, necessary to minimize the possibility of generating impacts and troubles in the surrounding communities has left many questions unanswered. The challenge in a process of rock removal with the use of explosives is to obtain an adequate product of the dismantling with the application of the best techniques and practices in order to allow an effective control of the result of the dismantling both with respect to the efficiency dismantling, rock fragmentation, minimizing discomfort and reducing the possibility of damage to neighboring structures. The elaboration and availability of a scientifically adequate methodology that allows the classification of mining enterprises to indicate the most appropriate rock-clearing practices with the use of explosives, especially in urban areas, is fundamental to guarantee a process with minimum impact possible. This study aims to contribute with the indication of methodologies for the classification of mining enterprises regarding their socio-environmental complexity and, based on the classification of socio-environmental complexity, indicate the methodology to be used to ensure that the collateral effects from the detonation process, are minimized, thus reducing the possibility of generating discomfort and structural damage in structures located near the mining undertaking.