Reflexos do objeto materno : do processo melancólico ao impulso suicida - as horas que separam duas mortes

Abstract

This present work investigates the psychoanalytic contributions on the theme suicide, given their possible attachment to a very early event in the psychic life of the subject; it is a failure occured in the first moments of the encounter with the maternal object. This episode was discussed in association with certain subjective position, resulting from mishaps in relation to this first love object. According to Freud's indication, the approach to suicide took place from the melancholy and a relationship between these two terms. It is addressed, in addition, the theoretical context that implies the emergence of the concept of death drive in Freudian theory and its relevance in psychoanalytic practice and understanding of suicide. Moreover, the texts were worked investigating the Freudian unconscious determinations of suicide and self-destruction. The issue of maternal object as the first objetct of love shown to have great relevance in the construction of all future object relations. Thus, when considering suicide, the psychoanalytic point of view, is an attack earlier for the other, it was necessary to consider under what conditions did this first encounter with otherness. In this sense, some contributions were collected for post-Freudian authors who have worked in this perspective to understand the suicide. The analysis of melancholy proposed by Marie-Claude Lambotte in O discurso melancólico - da fenomenologia à metapsicologia (1997), was an important reference for research, the richness of the contributions with regard to understanding the relationship between the primary object of desire and death. This work brings together key contributions to this approach: the mirror stage, the suicide of the object and the sublimation of the maternal imago, of Lacanian theory, and some developments regarding the issue of the mirror stage. Lambotte defines the centrality of narcissism to understand the melancholic issue, through an approach about the "new psychic action." Such a concept introduced by Freud to describe the change of the dispersion autoerotic for the unification promoted by narcissism, allows the author locate at this point, premature failure of melancholy, which not only explains the weakness of later object relations, but also carries emphasize the influence of a "pre-mirror" stage. Having in view to understanding the relationship between suicide and the failure on the bond with the maternal object, undertook an analysis of the film The Hours (2002), directed by Stephen Daldry, in face of possible dialogues between the story of the movie and the theory so far worked. Was taken into account, especially a specific relationship between two characters in the film (Laura Brown and his son Richard), although research on the movie has raised other issues that could be glimpsed through the bias of psychoanalytic theory, as the issue of representations of Women and death and their approaches.