Viabilidade econômica de sistemas de produção de bovinos de corte em propriedades nos estados de Minas Gerais e da Bahia

Abstract

Economic viability of four beef cattle production systems was evaluated. Production cost, internal rate of return on the invested capital (RIC), net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) were estimated. RIC sensitivity analysis was performed based on greater involvement of cost components and fluctuation of beef sale price. Data of four cattle production systems were used in the analysis: SE1 – 155 hectares, Central Region of Minas Gerais, from 2004’s January to 2007’s October, pasture and feedlot intensive fattening and rearing; SE2 – 458 hectares, Central Region of Minas Gerais, from 2005’s January to 2007’s November, rearing and extensive fattening; SCC1 – 2,926 hectares, South of Bahia, from 2000’s January to 2004’s December, pasture semi-intensive life-cycle; SCC2 – 9,129 hectares, North of Minas Gerais, from 2004’s January to 2006’s December, pasture semi-intensive life-cycle. Live weight average total costs produced on fattening and rearing systems were R$ 3.10 and 4.84/kg, and RIC annual averages were -1.71 and -6.11%, for SE1 and SE2 systems respectively. Considering patrimonial valorization including land’s worth, NPWs were R$ 242,324.41 and 186,310.59, and IRR annual averages were 12.94 and 14.03%, for SE1 and SE2 systems respectively. Average total costs were R$ 248.44 and 319.02/animal/year and RIC annual averages were -0.44 and 1.607%, for SCC1 and SCC2 systems respectively. Taking into account patrimonial valorization with land’s price, NPV were R$ 1,646,118.33 and 916,005.15, and IRR annual averages were 13.26 and 8.61%, for SCC1 and SCC2 systems respectively. Sensibility analyses showed that animal sale price caused greatest impact on RIC, followed by systems SE1 and SE2 buying prices. Sensibility analyses, to life-cycle system, showed that animal sale price caused highest influence on RIC, followed by opportunity cost forSCC1 and animal buying price for SCC2. Rearing and fattening activities in farms smaller than 500 hectares, in the Central Region of Minas Gerais, and life-cycle farms bigger than 2,500 hectares, in the south of Bahia or north of Minas Gerais, presented lower return of invested capital than interest of the saving account, showing high economic risk of low profitability of the production system. Business economic viability was influenced by productivity, production system variation and scale, analyzed years, animal sale price, production cost, enterprise capacity, flock and land patrimonial valorization.