Comparação do salto vertical entre atletas de futebol das categorias sub 17 e sub 20

Abstract

Soccer is the most practiced sport in Brazil and it is one of the sports modalities that most presents studies on the effects of different methodologies and forms of structuring of their training, both during the training process and in high competition. The physical capacity required in training and in the practice of soccer sports requires a lot of power from the lower limbs. In football, priority is given to exits at high speeds, races, and vertical and horizontal jumps at or near maximum. Thus, the training specificity of different sports modalities can influence performance and performance characteristics in vertical jumps. The vertical jump (SV) is very important for the measurement of training and one of the modalities that most uses the SV in the training programs is soccer. The SV has several independent variables that may impair athlete performance. If the variables are properly identified, we can manipulate each of them individually or together to improve SV performance. The SV is a multi-joint action that requires great strength, power and coordination to execute the movement. This study aims to analyze and compare the performance of explosive force through the SV between positions of the athletes of the Sub 17 and Sub 20 categories of base soccer of a professional soccer team of the central region of Belo Horizonte. The following results were found in the comparison of the SV for the sub 17 category (age 15.96 ± 0.68 years, height 176 ± 0.06 cm, body mass 67.79 ± 7.89 kg, fat% 7.79 ± 1.91, jump CMJ 34.56 ± 4.09 cm and squat Jump 30.94 ± 4.09 cm) and for the sub 20 category (18.73 ± 0.46 years, height 179 ± 0.05 cm, body mass 75.09 ± 6.13 kg, fat% 10.39 ± 1.96%, jump CMJ 41.24 ± 4.64 cm and squat jump 34.88 ± 6.04 cm). The comparative results among the defenders of the sub 17 and sub 20 categories were as follows, respectively: for the CMJ jump 35.73 ± 4.14 cm and 43.58 ± 5.69 cm and for the squat jump 31.69 ± 4 , 29 cm and 36.6 ± 6.02 cm and in relation to the attackers the following results were found for CMJ jump, 31.40 ± 3.26 cm and 38.87 ± 3.95 cm and for squat jump, 28 , 33 ± 4.24 cm and 33.77 ± 3.94 cm. It is concluded that the CMJ jump and Squat Jump for the sub 20 category reached higher heights than the sub 17 category, even when only the defense and attack sectors were compared, proving that there is a significant difference between the strength of the games of the two categories. This confirms that the sub 17 category has less strength and training time than the sub 20 category, explained by the height found in the CMJ and SJ jumps.