O uso do alphaherpesvírus humano 1 oncolítico como estratégia terapêutica no controle de células metastáticas do câncer de mama

Abstract

Breast cancer represents an important public health problem, being the most prevalent cancer among women, in Brazil and worldwide. With a relevant incidence, breast cancer has become more frequent in recent years, especially in low and middle income countries, such as Brazil; Factors such as improved life expectancy, urbanization, and the adoption of Western lifestyles have all contributed to this outcome. Globally, about 1.38 million women are diagnosed with breast cancer, and approximately 458,000 die from breast cancer each year. The main therapy for breast cancer is mastectomy or amputation of the breast, which refers to female body mutilation, since the breast represents femininity, sexuality and motherhood. This invasive and aggressive treatment is complemented by other therapies, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which also cause disturbances in female identity and damage to the body as a whole. However, none of the mentioned treatments is effective against breast metastases and, therefore, does not guarantee the cure of the disease, being possible the recurrence of the disease from the metastatic cells. Thus, the current scenario of traditional breast cancer control therapies demonstrates the need for improvement or insertion of new methodologies that effectively control breast metastases, as well as mitigate and / or circumvent the invasion and aggressiveness of traditional treatments. In this context, several viruses have been promising as cancer therapy, including oncolytic human alphaherpesvirus 1. Oncolytic virotherapy is based on stimulation of the immune system and elimination of tumor cells through selective infection of cancer cells by certain viruses, and induces an antitumor memory response. Therefore, this work consisted of a bibliographic compilation of the oncolytic potential of human alphaherpesvirus 1 applied to metastatic breast cancer cells. Thus, using the words, oncolytic virus, breast cancer, oncolytic virotherapy, human alphaherpesvirus 1 and oncolytic human alphaherpesvirus 1, a survey of approximately 340 articles was conducted on the oncolytic potential of human alphaherpesvirus 1.