Contribuição da psicoterapia infantil de base fenomenológico-existencial no crescimento humano

Abstract

The anthropological view of the phenomenological-existential chain characterizes the human being as a being of responsibility and ontologically relational. Such characteristics allow him to put himself into existence in a unique way, carrying out his personal growth. This growth is stagnant only with death, but presents itself from birth, since the child is already endowed with the same ontological presuppositions of the adult. However, the tendency to conceive of it as an incomplete and naive being influences the configuration of a relationship that restricts it in its capacity to respond to situations that it experiences with its existential singularity. Such a restriction culminates in childhood suffering, which is manifested in various forms of illness. With increasing rates of illness nowadays, it has become increasingly necessary to problematize the mistaken way of viewing childhood, as well as to propose ways that help the child in his suffering, so that they can continue in their growth movement. In this sense, child psychotherapy based on the existential phenomenological current shows itself as a possible proposal. Thus, in order to identify how this clinical practice may favor the child's growth movement, contributing to healthier ways of being, an example of a clinic case treated from this approach will be introduce. It was observed that the relationship of proximity was essential to have established a climate of trust between patient and psychotherapist. Therefore, it was important to have a non-directive attitude throughout the care, which encouraged and respected the child's autonomy in choosing and conducting what to do. In this relationship, she found the possibility of expressing herself, being able to communicate what was afflicting her. From then on, having been witnessed and confirmed in what she showed of herself, she assumed a change of position, showing herself less alienated and more attuned to herself, in a responsible attitude. However, the challenges that permeate this practice have also been identified, such as the work involved with those responsible and the maintenance of a humble attitude towards the non-knowledge of what would happen from the psychotherapeutic encounter. Despite the challenges, it can be concluded that that this clinical practice, when proposing a relationship that does not expect the child to be something different from what it is, favors its movement of growth, so that it can be in a healthier way, putting itself in the world with its unique form to be.