Estratégias de aprimoramento da formação de preceptores em enfermagem obstétrica: desafios e perspectivas

Abstract

For many decades, obstetric care practice in Brazil has been structured based on high technology and excessive interventionism, which has brought profound changes in the way people are born, without reflecting on the care quality and improvement of care indicators. In this context, it became essential to adopt the best care practices based on scientific evidence, as well as management practices in the performance of obstetric nursing, specifically in the context of teaching-work integration. This study aimed to build strategies for qualification of preceptorship by obstetric nurses in a reference maternity hospital, focusing on work and training. To achieve the goal, a qualitative case study was performed, which analyzed the preceptorship process implemented by obstetric nurses in the Obstetric Nursing Improvement Course (CAEO) held at the Sofia Feldman Hospital (HSF), in Belo Horizonte (MG). The data collection process, was based on individual semi-structured interviews with 18 obstetric nurses who work at HSF in a multidisciplinary team in different maternity hospital settings. Content Analysis technique was used for the treatment and data analysis. The interviewees were aged between 30 and 61 years old, all of them specialists in Obstetric Nursing with 6 to 18 years of experience as obstetric nurse. From the data analysis, the following categories emerged: competencies, skills and the challenges from the interaction between work and teaching, in which the requirements for the integration of the world of teaching with the world of work were discussed; the ambience and the organizational logic of the work, which focused on the organizational issues of work and their repercussions in teaching; the inseparability between attention, management and training: the proximity or distances between intention and action, which dealt with the impossibility of separating attention, management and training in in-service teaching; the work as production and practice of knowledge, in a perspective of the production of knowledge and practical knowledge in the transformation of actions and movements; and qualifying perspectives of preceptorship in obstetric nursing, which pointed out possibilities for improving the preceptorship processes. The study brought as a strategy, the need for a continuous care growth and the promotion of teaching aiming at improving the reception, assertive communication, and rescuing of the mission and the vision of the HSF. It also pointed out the necessity to encourage the process of permanent education; the introduction of conversation circles on the exercise of preceptorship in the scope of the inseparability between work and teaching and workshops that would promote health education. Thus, it raised the need of a training project which considers the preceptors as co-authors of vivid work based on real experience, in order to achieve a nationwide care model.