Absenteísmo por motivo de doença: estudo de caso de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Adulta e Pediátrica de um hospital público

Abstract

Luzia, Richardson Warley Siqueira. Absenteeism due to illness: a case study based on an adult and pediatric intensive care unit, in the state of Minas Gerais. 2020. 95f. Dissertation (Professional Master in Health Management) - School of Nursing of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. The hospital is considered an unhealthy environment, which has predisposing factors for various physical and/or psychological damage to workers' health. The intensive care unit (ICU), in particular, requires a high level of attention, as professionals need to deal with diverse demands from patients and family members, which can enhance the suffering, illness and absenteeism. The general purpose, it is to analyse the reasons for absenteeism of an adult and pediatric intensive care unit of a public hospital emergency, between 2014 and 2018. The specific objectives are: to describe the quantitative of sick leaves, by position and function in the reporting period; to descreve the factors of the environment and working conditions that favor absenteeism by the point of view of the interviewees; to identify the factors that generate tiredness, as well as the positive and negative feelings at work in the ICU; to identify how physiological factors (such as sleep, leisure and physical activities) that may affect the worker's well-being; and to identify the predisposing factors of illness. The research methodology, is going to be a study of case with interviews and consultations of the databases, searching information on sick leave. The participants of the research were the health professionals belonging to the staff of the Alfa State Hospital (ASH): nurses, doctors, physiotherapists, psychologists, social workers, pharmacists, nutritionists and nursing technicians. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants. Quantitative data was submitted to a Descriptive statistical analysis. The analysis of qualitative data was performed by the technique of content analysis, establishing different thematic categories such as: environment and working conditions; tiredness and discouragement; pleasure and fulfillment; sleep, leisure and physical activity; predisposing factors of the illness; consequences of absenteeism; reaction of the superiors and colleagues to the illness; and motivation to work in the hospital. The data reveal the record of 16,419 days of absence, caused by medical leave in the ICU from 2014 to 2018. The nursing technicians had the highest number of days with absenteeism. The nurses were the second category in that respect. The effective communication between the team and the superiors, is a factor that needs to be improved in process and relationships. In relation to the environment and the working conditions, there are various conditioning factors that have generated dissatisfaction. Tiredness is related to the working shifts and the amount of uninterrupted working hours. Most have difficulty to sleep. In the spare moments, they take the opportunity to stay with family, leaving few leisure alternatives. Several situations contribute to illness, such as the overload of work according to the patient's care profile, accumulation of activities on duty, more than one job at the same time, communication between the multidisciplinary team, biological risk of and external factors such as family members. Reactions to absenteeism are diverse and ambiguous. Pregnancy is still seen as a problem and the worker who falls ill repeatedly, is labeled as unproductive. It should be considered possible and necessary to carry out interventions aimed at improving working conditions and workers' health. This technical product presented, is a report that aims to carry out the diagnosis of the absenteeism and propose actions that ensure the worker's health.