Engajamento público em controvérsia científica : o caso da pílula do câncer

Abstract

This research aims to investigate interactions in the public space in order to assess public engagement in a scientific controversial situation. The theoretical-methodological approach adopted is based on the relational and praxiological perspective of Communication (QUERÉ, 1991; DEWEY, 2004; FRANÇA, 2016), combined with the concept of translation of interest from Bruno Latour (2011). The documental and empirical analyzes set out to capture the complexity of the relationships that are established in the public space in the controversy of the cancer pill, in its power, resistance and negotiation disputes, co-optations and alliances, in an interrelated and constantly moving plot. Research has shown how public controversies establish as a tangled net of connections and inter-influences, not just one unit, but a “plot” of various controversies in which the public is involved. It also revealed that when dealing with a theme that generates huge social commotion such as cancer cure, linked to suffering, pain and death, it makes the public susceptible and vulnerable to the dynamics of public opinion in its mythical and symbolic aspects, and above all: rumors, conspiracy theories, as well as fake news, information without scientific basis (pseudoscience) or against scientific knowledge (anti-science). Research has also shown how the public engagement not, therefore, represent a linear, systematic and controlled process as institutional policies advocate; but it is due to tactics, strategies and movements of the public, playing a symbolic game and recombining ideas, values, emotions, norms of conduct and laws, according to their own ideals, interests and beliefs.