O "avanço da fronteira" e o modelo demarcatório: o Banco Mundial e a forma financeira de gestão da barbárie

Abstract

The appropriation of Brazilian territorial funds is a keynote that, throughout the 20th century, presented itself by the “advancement of the frontier". Although this movement has been socially open to the barbarism inherent in it, its stoppage has not even been considered by the state rationale, or even by other public and scientific sectors. This unquestionableness can be understood by the fact that the appropriation of these lands composes a "principle of justification" of the Brazilian nation-state, or even because it would contain the "solution" to the two sides of the national distributive "problem": economic growth and the expansion of access to land ownership. It seems, however, that to seek the reasons for this unquestionableness would be to attribute at the level of ideas something that escapes the power of subjective realization, because it is determined by the imperatives of a modernization that is intended to be "recovery", that is, that reproduces under the peripheral condition of apparent "delay". On the other hand, it is not less important to analyze the forms of subjective adherence to this process, whether in the countless sociability that unfolds in this "multitemporal" locus that is the frontier, or in the political-rational formulations produced by the State and the like. Throughout the twentieth century, there was a growing implementation of state institutions to rationalize territorial funds in their various spectrums: indigenism, colonization, territorial integration, increased agricultural productivity etc. Moreover, during the period of military government there was an acceleration in the "advance of the border", and many analyses point out that state institutions were a key player in the rationalization and financing of this process. This analysis emphasizes the ruptures promoted in the "redemocratization", highlighting a greater indigenous political representation, as well as the opening of possibilities for agrarian reform (via the market). However, we prefer to grant centrality to the World Bank to analyze this same process, not only as a financial organism, but also as a hegemonic agent of intellectual production. We analyze the reports, issued between 1965 at 1992, which directly or tangentially dealt with the "advancement of the border". This methodology highlights the real, and usually neglected, active participation of the World Bank in the construction of the social management model of agrarian Brazil, consolidated in the 1990s and based on land demarcation. This model is consolidated by the reformulation of the institutional structure, which, by its form, has a bias of political positiveness of the subjects and social sciences (including Geography). Consolidated, this model has become the modus operandi of barbarism management throughout agrarian Brazil and, despite its immanent contradictions, its political-economic dissolution is a reality and suggests a deepening of the social crisis. This institutional structure is not based, however, on politics or reason, but on dependence on money (especially in its financial form), a phenomenal manifestation of the reproduction of capital that has remained more as fiction than as reality. This gap is manifested in the social crisis on the periphery of the system, however, as this management model is based on “external financing” coming from the center, it still supports some kind of sociability. The trend of global reproduction of capital forces us, however, to forsee the dissolution of the demarcation model, as well as the barbaric consequences of this.