Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar : aplicabilidade das normas diante da atuação profissional no contexto de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.

Abstract

Introduction: The National School Food Program (NSFP) serves 19.4% of the Brazilian population. Since its implementation, it has incorporated changes based on the political centrality of food and nutritional problems. Nowadays, it appears as access to Food and Nutritional Security (FNS), bringing complexity and challenges to the performance of the nutritionist. Objective: To understand the applicability of the current resolution, this provides for the provision of school meals to students of basic education in public schools, in the context of a Food and Nutrition Security Policy and the practice of a nutritionist. Methods: descriptive-exploratory research, quantitative and qualitative approach about the execution of PNAE in Belo Horizonte-MG. Resolution nº 26/2013 was analyzed, in logical structure and SAN concepts, as well as operational documents. The NSFP monitoring and evaluation indicators about waste / acceptability (2013-2018) and nutritional status (2016) were assessed (secondary data generated from the practice). There was a survey of the conceptions of nutritionist professionals about the application of the rules of execution of the NSFP, through individual interviews. The results of the content analysis of resolution nº 26/2013 were used, as well as the documents guiding practices and the speeches of professionals, as well as the statistical analysis of the indicators, for data triangulation. Results: Resolution nº 26/2013 was divided into technical, administrative, financial and ethical standards. There are contexts of the right to physical and economic access, the universality of the program, the biological dimension and dietary practices. The legal standard presents nutritional status and acceptability as indicators, and operational documents include indicators of food waste, stock, and food adherence. Indicator data show the prevalence of food leftovers (14.47%) and adequate rest-intake (4.98%), which are known to the participants. In view of values determined by the municipality, 30% of the sample presented inadequate values, with a bad IR (11.8%) or unacceptable (18.2%) index. The waste analysis methodologies determined in the legislation, and employed at the municipal level include only physical measures of waste (leftovers and rest-ingestion), and through RI it is possible to assess the acceptability of food. Excess weight becomes the most prevalent nutritional deviation, with a prevalence of 25.4% among the students evaluated, and most of them enter eutrophy (71.1%). The triangulation made it possible to emerge two thematic categories: “Low use value of the metrics about the execution of the NSFP” and “The Sahara of the psychosocial and cultural dimension in the rules of execution of the NSFP”. Such categories fall under “positivism” and “scientific rationality, linked to norms and, consequently, to professional practice. Conclusion: From the analysis of the results and discussion of the data collected, it was possible to apprehend the low applicability power of the NSFP execution rules as a FNS policy, emerging the categories that revealed the low use value of the metrics required in the evaluation of the execution of the NSFP and the lack of norms regarding the psychosocial and cultural dimension of school feeding.