Diário cartográfico das mães que perdem suas filhas e filhos pelas mãos do Estado: paisagens que se repetem

Abstract

Women and their children’s human right violations, especially the abduction of their children, has been part of the human kind trajectory, what showcases the historical roots of oppression and marginalization. In Brazil, this phenomenon began in the 16th when indigenous and black women were abused and enslaved by European settlers. During this historical period, black and indigenous children were separated from their mothers, to be sold and employed as slaves, and their names were changed, which made impossible to reunite the families, or even to recover their origin. Later, in the 20th century, the leprosy control policy in Brazil was based on social isolation and compulsory hospitalization of the affected people in asylums, that were known as Colônia Hospitals. This policy materialized an historical moment that reflects the separation of daughters and sons in total institutions, as a situation of intense segregation. In addition, in the period of the Military Dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985), and currently in the city of Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais and in the Mato Grosso do Sul state, there are other evidences of the separation of daughters and sons from their relatives. Objectives: Thus, this study aims at identifying similarities and singularities between these situations in which mothers who had their childrem taken away by the State, in different historical moments and territories, presenting a broader understanding of this phenomenon. Methodological framework: This is a qualitative type of interference research, that has been developed by the National Observatory of Public Policies and Care. We used a set of tools to prepare the theoretical framework and a cartographic diary to repoort the field experience. Excerpts from the narratives of several people and relevant documents were analyzed. After this analysis, maps were produced to highlight the similarities and singularities between the landscapes. Discussion / results: The landscape of women affected by leprosy demonstrated how the presence of hygienist ideas, as well as the lack of information about a disease, can marginalize and promote the destruction of family bonds. In the landscape of the Orphaned Mothers, stories of women using alcohol, illicit drugs and / or on a street trajectory are unveiled, demonstrating how social and racial segregation shaped their lives. In the third landscape, from the documentary analysis and the researcher's interaction in her life trajectory, the genocide of the indigenous population conducted by the agrarian conflicts caused by the great landowners, who coveted indigenous territories for the expansion of their businesses, and by the state omission, which ignores the historical debt with the original people was demonstrated. The landscape of the singularities, demonstrated that each situation demands specific attention according to the cultural diversity, way of life, social impact and inequities, that each one of them presents. The landscape of similarities shows that there are several aspects that are repeated, such as the case of standardization and idealization of the maternal figure, sexism, racism and patriarchy, among others.