Complicações decorrentes dos estomas digestivos de eliminação Importância do cuidado pelo Estomaterapeuta

Abstract

The construction of an intestinal stoma is a relatively frequent surgery, requiring specific medical and nursing care. Although commonly performed, such surgery can be accompanied by complications that are most often underestimated. This study aimed to list the complications most frequently mentioned in the literature, in the postoperative period of ostomized patients. This is a descriptive study of the type integrative literature review. For the development of data collection, the guiding question was elaborated: what are the complications most often cited in the literature, referring to the postoperative period in ostomized patients? In the search for articles, the databases of LILACS (Latin American Literature) and VHL (Virtual Health Library) were used. The inclusion criteria were as follows: articles published between 2009 to 2019, available online for free, written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, quantitative, resulting from primary research and aligned with the guiding question. The following descriptors were used: Ostomy; Postoperative complications; Nursing care; Nursing Assistance; Nursing Care; Nursing Care (all are DECS descriptors); plus the “AND” and “OR” operators. Of the 171 references found, three articles answered the guiding question and contemplated the inclusion criteria, composing the synoptic framework of this review. The most frequent complications in ostomized patients were peristomal dermatitis and peristomal hernia, recurrent in the three articles. The prolapse was also mentioned in the three articles. Stenosis was mentioned only in Article 2, as well as fistula, abscess, hemorrhage and infection. Peristomal dermatitis is mentioned in Article 3 under the name excoriations on the skin. It is necessary to carry out other studies that also address aspects related to the daily life of the ostomate, since other issues involve the care of the person in this condition, such as routines and perceptions of the patient in this condition.