Instrumentos psicométricos na ampliação da visão holística na odontologia: validação das versões brasileiras do Positive Oral Health and Well-Being (POHW) e do Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF)

Abstract

Two studies were developed to boost the holistic view of oral health from the validation of instruments that evaluate constructs still in a nascent stage in Dentistry. The Positive Oral Health and Well-Being (POHW) is the first and, until then, the only instrument developed to evaluate positive oral health specifically. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF) is the only instrument that is explicitly based on trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) theory, and cover all facets of the construct. Therefore, the aims of the studies were translate, cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of POHW (STUDY I) and TEIQue-SF (STUDY II). In the first study, the Brazilian version of POHW was applied in a sample comprised by caregivers of children and adolescents attended at the Dentistry clinics of the Federal Universities of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Santa Maria (UFSM). The model fit was tested in 209 participants through Confirmatory Factor Analysis tested model fit with categorical factor indicators in bifactor and simple structure models. External validation measures were represented by sociodemographic status, habits and perception about oral health-related outcomes, and general well-being. Moreover, the dental caries experience was clinically diagnosed. Although similarities in the steps of translation and cross-cultural adaptation, the validation of the Brazilian version of TEIQue-SF presented peculiarities compared to POHW., The bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) of the Brazilian version of TEIQue-SF was tested in a sample of 512 dental undergraduates from UFMG. Next, measurement invariance was tested against the datasets from UK and Chile. The Big Five Mini-Markers, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Subjective Happiness Scale were also administered as external validation measures. We found the following results for the Brazilian version of POHW: a) bifactor model presented the best model fit; b) satisfactory internal consistency (α and ω > 0.8); c) strong Spearman correlation for the Global Factor of POHW in the test-retest (rs = 0.85); d) construct representation in line with the positive oral health framework. Regarding the Brazilian version of TEIQue-SF, we found: a) final adequate bifactor ESEM model fit; b) a significantly higher global trait EI mean for men (d = 0.27); c) high internal consistency for global trait EI (α = 0.88), despite lower Cronbach’s α values at the factor level (0.60−0.85); d) high correlation (r = 0.89) in the test-retest; e) significant correlation between global trait EI and most of the Big Five dimensions (r = -0.66−0.46), life satisfaction (0.59) and happiness (0.68); f) evidence of incremental validity of trait EI for life satisfaction and happiness over and above the Big Five; g) equivalent measurement across the Brazilian, UK and Chilean versions of the TEIQue-SF. We conclude that both Brazilians versions of POHW and TEIQue-SF are psychologically sound for use in the Brazilian context.