Logística reversa de óleo de cozinha pós-consumo por redes de catadores

Abstract

The low capillarity or even the absence of collection systems for post-consumption cooking oil, mainly that also attend residences , is one of the factors that encourage the inappropriate disposal of this waste. In addition to becoming a problem urban solid waste management, this oil, incorrectly disposed, brings serious economic and environmental consequences. Although some initiatives intend to address these problems, there are no logistical systems that integrate since the approach of generators (including residential ones), consider aspects of supply and distribution logistics and the transformation of waste into an input of economic value on a large scale. When proposing the implementation of a new service performed by waste pickers' organizations, the intention is to take advantage of the capillarity of waste selective collection services and the potential for scaling networks to generate economic gains from the implementation of an innovative arrangement of reverse logistics, based on integration economies.

From the analysis of practical experiences that seek or sought to solve this problem, we sought to define operational and managerial parameters with the socioeconomic and productive inclusion of recyclable waste pickers. The research, combining logistical systems and different productive arrangements, explores scenarios for adding value to the waste to ensure that the implementation of the new service is made possible by the manufacture of a final product that guarantees the economic gains necessary for the sustainability of the process. Three production scenarios in two different networks are operationally and financially analyzed to define parameters that make it possible to understand the potential of the arrangement's replicability: 1) the sale of untreated oil in a network; 2) selling from pH correction, dehumidification and removal of solids and finally; 3) the transformation of waste into biodiesel for consumption as fuel in own or third party fleets or as an input in civil construction. As a result, we observed that the advance in the production chain does not necessarily add enough value to the product to make the operation feasible, but the alternative for the production of biodiesel guarantees the economic sustainability necessary to implement the proposed processes. Moreover, the biodiesel policy promote reverse logistics for post-consumer oil and induces the use of the final product in different chains and markets that are more profitable.