Estudos brasileiros em programas de intervenção precoce implementados por cuidadores de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista : uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

The updated literature indicates that when a child is diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder - ASD, it has a great impact on the family, usually leading to a condition of stress. When these families have early access and engage in evidence-based intervention models, they are able to see improvements in children, which also have an impact on the mental health of these caregivers. Based on this premise, the present article tried to review the national literature related to early interventions implemented by caregivers of children with ASD in the Brazilian context. The search for the articles was carried out at the PSI VHL (Lilacs, Scielo and IndexPsi), following the Prisma recommendation, with the following descriptors: “autism” OR “autism spectrum disorder” AND “early intervention” AND “parental training” OR “parental guidance” OR “caregiver training” OR “caregiver guidance”, which should be in the title or body text of the articles in the last ten years (2009/2019). The search was carried out in October 2019, resulting in five articles selected for analysis, with the addition of one more, by indication of a professional with expertise in the subject, based on models and techniques of Applied Behavior Analysis. All studies obtained consistent results regarding the evolution and learning of techniques by caregivers, however with some limitations. It was concluded, therefore, that early access to the families of children with ASD to evidence-based intervention models is feasible and effective. In addition, the review indicates that new studies, with a more rigorous character and with larger populations, are necessary so that other families benefit from the creation of public policies that guarantee access to treatment by the public health service in Brazil.