Análises comparativa entre atletas de futsal com e sem lesão muscular – estudo sobre variáveis biomecânicas e carga de trabalho

Abstract

Introduction: There are few studies on futsal injuries. It is not known which variables are associated with injury. In this study, the biomechanical characteristics and workloads of athletes with and without muscle injuries were compared. The behavior of biomechanical variables during a season was analyzed and a descriptive analysis of each lesion was performed. Objective: To compare biomechanical and workload differences between futsal athletes with and without injury (with more than 7 days off) Sample: 16 professional futsal athletes participated in the study. Methods: Biomechanical evaluations were carried out at the beginning, middle and end of the season. Evaluation on the isokinetic dynamometer at the beginning and in the middle of the season. The subjective perception of effort was collected and multiplied by the training time. Then the total load, monotony, acute / chronic workload ratio and strain of the weeks were calculated. Statistics: A t-test was performed to compare the averages between groups of athletes with and without injury. To compare the averages of clinical evaluations, in the three evaluations, ANOVA and the Fischer test were used as post hoc. ANOVA was also used to compare the workloads of the 4 weeks prior to the injury. Results: There were 5 injuries with absences over 7 days. When comparing biomechanical assessments, a statistically significant difference was found between groups of athletes with and without injury for: dorsiflexion ROM, hip internal rotation, and asymmetry of single leg bridge test. No significant differences were found between the groups in either of the two assessments on the isokinetic dynamometer. There was no significant difference between groups for workload variables. In none of the two weeks prior to the injury, significant differences were found for workload data between the groups. In the analysis of the behavior of the biomechanical variables, there was a statistically significant difference in the tests: dorsiflexion ROM, hip internal rotation and single leg bridge between two assessments. For the isokinetic dynamometer variables, a statistically significant reduction was found in the work asymmetry of the knee flexors between assessments. When comparing the loads of the last 4 weeks before the injury, there was no significant difference between the workload values between the weeks. The descriptive analysis showed that each injury had a different characteristic. Discussion: There are differences between athletes with and without injury, mainly for hip and ankle mobility. High-performance athletes experience variations in performance over the course of a season; we must monitor changes in physical capabilities and variations in training individually. In addition, it is important to track more than one variable to monitor the athlete's current state. Conclusion: Injuries are inherent to the sport, however there are some differences, mainly in mobility, between futsal athletes with and without injury. Athletes who were not injured had greater dorsiflexion ROM, greater hip IR and better performance on single leg bridge when compared with athletes who were injured. These findings can serve as an indication for research with a larger number of participants.