Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio em intensidade leve e moderada nas concentrações de adipocitocinas em indivíduos após acidente vascular encefálico na fase crônica

Abstract

Strokes are a public health problem worldwide, representing the second most common cause of death and a major cause of disability in adults. Adipocytokines, bioactive molecules produced by adipose tissue (AT), are associated with the risk factors and pathogenesis of strokes. These molecules are able to regulate many biological processes in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner. Peripheral levels of the adipocytokines can be modulated by physical exercise, but no studies have been reported in post-stroke individuals. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the effect of an aerobic training program on the concentration of adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) in chronic post-stroke individuals. Thirty sedentary or insufficiently active individuals completed the protocol training. They were divided into two groups: low intensity group (LIG) (n= 16, 56.2±9.4 years;) and moderate intensity group (MIG) (n=14, 57.6±7.2 years). Thirty-six sessions were performed over a 12-week period, three sessions per week, for 40 minutes per session. The intensity in the LIG was below 40%, while in the MIG it was between 60% and 80% of the reserve heart rate (HR), based on the HR max (determined by the cardiopulmonary exercise test). The progression of the training intensity was performed according to the subjective perception of effort and the HR and blood pressure responses. Immunoenzymatic assay was used to measure serum adipocytokine concentrations before and after training. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical conditions, and basal concentrations of adipocytokines were similar in both groups. The results showed a reduction in leptin concentrations only for MIG (p = 0.020). No change was found in adiponectin and resistin concentrations. A correlation was also observed between leptin concentrations and body mass index (BMI) (rs = 0.513, p = 0.004). Considering the relationship between leptin and inflammatory, thrombotic, and atherogenic processes, which are found in the pathogenesis of strokes and the recurrence of new events, these data are relevant and suggest that the profile of leptin may be influenced by the type of intervention and that the intensity of exercise should be considered in this population. This information can be used to guide clinical decision-making and the choice of rehabilitation strategies in this population, as well as to facilitate actions that promote public health. The difference in the results of the present study for adiponectin and resistin and other studies in the literature can be justified by such factors as the type of training, the intensity of exercise, the clinical condition, the age of the individuals, and the history of previous diseases. Therefore, future studies conducted with a greater number of participants who have suffered a stroke are necessary to investigate different types of protocols and time of intervention.