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Traumatic brain injury in Brazil: an epidemiological study and systematic review of the literature
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2022) Ana Luísa Gonçalves Magalhães; João Luís Vieira Monteiro de Barros; Maíra Glória de Freitas Cardoso; Natália Pessoa Rocha; Rodrigo Moreira Faleiro; Leonardo Cruz de Souza; Aline Silva de Miranda; Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem worldwide. Although TBI is common in developing countries, there are few epidemiological studies. Objective: To investigate the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients with TBI at the Hospital João XXIII, a public reference center for trauma in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, and to systematically review the available literature on TBI in Brazil. Methods: Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from electronic medical records for the entire month of July 2016. The literature on epidemiology of TBI in Brazil was systematically reviewed using MeSH/DeCS descriptors in the PubMed and Lilacs databases. Results: Most patients admitted with TBI were male and under 60 years of age. Mild TBI was the most prevalent form and the most common cause of TBI was falls. A Glasgow Coma Scale score below 12, neuroimaging changes on computer tomography, and presence of any medical conditions were significantly associated with longer hospital stay. Brazilian studies showed that TBI affected mainly men and young adults. In addition, mild TBI was the most common TBI severity reported and the most common causes were motor vehicle accidents and falls. Conclusions: Overall, the profile of TBI in this center reflects the data from other Brazilian studies.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is down regulated after bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 infection in both wild-type and TLR3/7/9 deficient mice
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2021) Daniele Gonçalves da Silva; Iracema Luisa Quintino de Carvalho; Eliana Cristina de Brito Toscano; Beatriz Álvares da Silva Senra Santos; Bruna da Silva Oliveira; Marco Antônio Campos; Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca; Quezya Mendes Camargos; Gabriela Ferreira de Sousa; Marcelo Vidigal Caliari; Antônio Lúcio Teixeira; Aline Silva de Miranda; Milene Alvarenga Rachid
Neurotrophic factors have been implicated in the control of neuronal survival and plasticity in different brain diseases. Meningoencephalitis caused by bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) infection is a frequent neurological disease of young cattle, being the involvement of apoptosis in the development of neuropathological changes frequently discussed in the literature. It’s well known that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can activate neuroinflammatory response and consequently lead to neuronal loss. However, there are no studies evaluating the expression of neurotrophic factors and their association with brain pathology and TLRs during the infection by BoHV-5. The current study aimed to analyze brain levels of neurotrophic factors along with neuropathological changes during acute infection by BoHV-5 in wild-type (WT) and TLR3/7/9 (TLR3/7/9−/−) deficiency mice. The infection was induced by intracranial inoculation of 1 × 104 TCID50 of BoHV-5. Infected animals presented similar degrees of clinical signs and neuropathological changes. Both infected groups had meningoencephalitis and neuronal damage in CA regions from hippocampus. BoHV-5 infection promoted the proliferation of Iba-1 positive cells throughout the neuropil, mainly located in the frontal cortex. Moreover, significant lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were detected in both BoHV-5 infected WT and TLR3/7/9 deficient mice, compared with non-infected animals. Our study showed that BDNF down regulation was associated with brain inflammation, reactive microgliosis and neuronal loss after bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 infection in mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that combined TLR3/7/9 deficiency does not alter those parameters.
Coronavirus Disease-2019 Conundrum: RAS blockade and geriatric-associated neuropsychiatric disorders
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2020) Aline Silva de Miranda; Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which primarily targets the human respiratory system and may lead to severe pneumonia and ultimately death. Mortality rate is particurlarly high among people beyond the sixth decade of life with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The discovery that the SARS-CoV-2 uses the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) component ACE2 as a receptor to invade host epithelial cells and cause organs damage resulted in a debate regarding the role of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) therapies during COVID-19 pandemic. Some authors proposed the discontinuation of ACEIs and ARBs for cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases, while expert opinions have discouraged that due to limited empirical evidence of their negative effect on COVID-19 outcomes, and that withdrawing treatment may contribute to clinical decompensation in high-risk patients. Moreover, as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are associated with neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, especially among older adults, a critical appraisal of the potential positive effects of ACEIs and ARBs is highly needed. Herein, we aim to discuss the conundrum of ACEIs and ARBs use in high-risk patients for COVID-19, and their potential protective role on the development and/or progression of geriatric neuropsychiatric disorders.
Estratégias para promoção da Saúde Mental dos profissionais da UBS Dilson Almeida, Jacundá – PA
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2025-07-04) Ludmilla Castro Pinho De Almeida
Professionals at the Dilson Almeida Primary Health Care Unit (Unidade Básica de Saúde – UBS), located in Jacundá, Pará, have been facing significant emotional difficulties resulting from work overload, an intense routine, and the lack of institutional psychological support. This reality reflects a situation common to many public health units in Brazil, where daily pressure, shortages of human and material resources, and high demand for care create an environment of continuous stress and emotional exhaustion for workers. The absence of effective policies and actions aimed at promoting the mental health of these professionals can lead to serious consequences, such as the development of psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome. The latter, in particular, has been recognized as a relevant occupational health problem, characterized by extreme exhaustion, lack of motivation, and decreased professional performance, in addition to direct impacts on interpersonal relationships and personal life. As highlighted by the Ministry of Health (2022), it is essential to promote institutional strategies that strengthen the mental health of workers within the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS), focusing on the prevention of psychological disorders and on valuing comprehensive care also for those who provide care. The creation of listening spaces, psychological support programs, training focused on self-care, and encouragement of teamwork are measures that can make a difference in the daily lives of these teams, fostering welcoming environments, empathy, and a sense of belonging. Furthermore, it is essential to consider that the quality of care provided to the population is directly related to the well-being of the professionals involved. When workers are emotionally balanced, motivated, and supported, care tends to become more humanized, efficient, and centered on users’ needs, in accordance with the principles of the SUS—universality, comprehensiveness, and equity. Therefore, implementing actions that promote emotional balance, mutual support among teams, and recognition of the work performed by these professionals should be a priority for public management. Investing in the mental health of workers at the Dilson Almeida UBS, and at many other units, is not only a matter of individual well-being, but a fundamental strategy to strengthen the health system as a whole, ensuring more qualified, humane, and sustainable services.
Estratégias para adesão dos idosos hipertensos descompensados na Unidade Básica de Saúde Várzea da Onça-CE
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2024-07-18) Kaio Moreira Couto
Decompensated systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) emerges as a significant challenge, especially among the elderly. Currently, the percentage of adults with BP greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg is higher among men and increases with age, reaching 71.7% for individuals over 70 years of age. Thus, to improve adherence to antihypertensive treatment among hypertensive elderly individuals at the Basic Health Unit (UBS) Várzea da Onça, which is part of a highly vulnerable rural district in the city of Quixadá-CE, it is necessary to adopt strategies such as effective communication, encouragement of physical activity, and monitoring, which are used to address the public health problem of hypertension in the elderly, emphasizing evidence-based care and reducing costs associated with uncontrolled treatment of hypertension. The objective was to optimize the control of hypertension in the elderly population served by the Várzea da Onça Basic Health Unit in Quixadá, Ceará. The methodological approaches used were a literature review of the Virtual Health Library, SciELO, PubMed, and Federal Government websites, as well as observation of the daily routine of the Health Unit. The situational diagnosis was obtained using the Rapid Assessment Method. To develop the Intervention Project, Situational Strategic Planning was used, a method that involves health professionals from the unit and consists of including a physical activity verification section in the hypertensive patient's notebook, effective communication in the waiting room, encouragement of physical activities, and health education. The importance of intervention mechanisms at the Várzea da Onça UBS to increase adherence to antihypertensive treatment among elderly people with uncontrolled hypertension was verified through strategies such as educational activities in waiting rooms, recreational activities, and the inclusion of a physical activity verification section in the hypertensive patient's notebook, all of which proved to be of great importance. These approaches optimized people's time while waiting for appointments, providing educational content on the importance of adherence to treatment, in addition to increasing the number of elderly people who started to perform physical activities, thus improving individuals' knowledge and awareness of their health status. Therefore, the project is expected to improve the quality of life of elderly hypertensive patients, reducing complications and costs associated with the treatment of hypertension. In addition, it is expected that the intervention project will be able to maintain adherence to antihypertensive treatment among decompensated hypertensive elderly people at the same health center through

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