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listelement.badge.dso-type Item , Método das prolongações e suas aplicações à física(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2025-08-13) Marcos Paulo MoreiraThe method of prolongations, developed from the pioneering studies of Sophus Lie between the 1870s and 1890s, is a mathematical technique that allows the determination of generators of continuous transformations that act as symmetries, i.e., that map solutions onto solutions, of differential equations. Our aim in the present work will be to study the method and investigate how it can be applied to physics. Firstly, we will study the method of prolongations in detail. After a necessary general review, we will construct the method in the context of differential equations, aiming at point transformations. Then, we will do the same in the context of variational problems, equipped with lagrangians, from which the so-called variational symmetries and very important associated results will arise. Next, we will turn our attention to the applicability of the formalism to physics. We will do this in order to explore the results derived in the first chapters. The method will be applied to two equations of physical interest: the Burgers and Korteweg-De Vries equations. In addition, we will venture into the fields of general relativity and cosmology and see how the method of prolongations can help us solve problems in these areas. We will also have the opportunity to learn how we can apply our studies to the problem of quantization of gravitation.listelement.badge.dso-type Item , Multipartite entanglement in tensor networks(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2025-07-02) Marcos Gabriel Alpino da SilvaA caracterização de transições de fase quânticas por meio de métodos baseados em emaranhamento tem se consolidado como uma estrutura poderosa para a compreensão do comportamento crítico em sistemas unidimensionais. Nesta dissertação, foi investigada a estrutura do emaranhamento genuinamente multipartido em cadeias de spins-1/2 invariantes por translação, utilizando-se o algoritmo Variational Uniform Matrix Product States (VUMPS) para o cálculo do estado fundamental do modelo quântico de Ising com campo transversal no limite termodinâmico. Mostrou-se que a multinegatividade associada à célula unitária diverge deforma logarítmica na vizinhança do ponto crítico, configurando se como um indicador sensível, baseado em emaranhamento de muitas partes, da transição de fase. Adicionalmente, propôs-se uma formulação alternativa para a redução de estados quânticos, na qual medições locais projetivas substituem o traço parcial convencional. No contexto dessa abordagem, introduziu-se a noção de redução não tendenciosa, definida como um procedimento que minimiza o viés informacional e preserva as propriedades estruturais do estado global. Essa ideia foi explorada por meio da análise da multinegatividade e da coerência quântica dos estados reduzidos sob diferentes direções de projeção. Resultados numéricos preliminares sustentam a conjectura de que projeções realizadas em bases ortogonais ao parâmetro de ordem induzem mínima perturbação e máxima coerência local, permitindo, assim, o acesso a propriedades globais por meio de dados locais pós-medição.listelement.badge.dso-type Item , A cavalhada de Ditão Virgílio: sociologia das emergências e a hibridação cultural no ensino da literatura anti-canônica(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2025-03-19) Camila Natalie Ramos de PaulaThis thesis investigates Ditão Virgílio’s cordel "A Cavalhada" as an example of the sociology of emergencies and anti-canonical literature, with a focus on its application in elementary and high school education, in alignment with the guidelines of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC). Drawing from Virgílio’s work, which portrays the real history of the Cavalhada performance, a traditional event in São Luiz do Paraitinga, the study offers a critical analysis of the Festa do Divino Espírito Santo as a hybrid cultural manifestation, reinterpreting European elements within a local social context. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first, "The In-Between Place", traces the historical and social formation of São Luiz do Paraitinga, highlighting the construction of its cultural identity. The second chapter, "Hybrid Emergencies", explores the hybrid nature of the Festa do Divino, understanding it as an example of sociology of emergencies, where local cultural practices reconstruct themselves and resist the dominant system. The third chapter, "Coexistence of Logics", analyzes how Virgílio’s cordel and the Cavalhada illustrate the coexistence and hybridization of different cultural logics, enabling the understanding of how subaltern struggles emerge and reaffirm themselves in literature and cultural practices. By positioning Ditão Virgílio’s work within the context of anti-canonical literature, this thesis argues that engaging with his cordel in the classroom offers a unique opportunity for reflection on Brazilian culture, its legends, and traditions, with an emphasis on indigenous, African, and popular narratives. The study emphasizes the importance of fostering an intercultural and inclusive education capable of recognizing and valuing local identities as a form of resistance and cultural re-identification.listelement.badge.dso-type Item , Reclamação constitucional na reforma do Judiciário(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2023-11-21) Cássio André Borges dos SantosThis is the result of an academic research on the impact of the Brazilian Judicial Branch Reform [Constitutional Amendment no. 45, of December 31, 2004] on the institute of the constitutional complaint. The investigation focuses on the use of this procedural remedy of correctional nature, with the aim of imposing on the other bodies of the Judicial parts and on the Public Administration, direct or indirect, the correct application of binding precedents. These are issued by the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court, under the terms of art. 103-A, of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil to enforce the Court rulings handed down in the course of extraordinary appeals with general and/or repetitive repercussions, as provided for in art. 988, § 5, II, of the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code. Initially created to guarantee the Court's competences aside the prerogatives of other public levels [judicial or otherwise] and to enforce the content of the Court decisions on cases already decided, the constitutional complaint has undergone several legal-normative reformulations. All culminating in the changes promoted by the Reform of the Brazilian Judicial Branch [and post-Reform], through which the hypotheses of its rightness were broadened. The course of the research was carried out using the analytical method, by studying the constitutional and legal rules relating to constitutional complaints, as well as doctrinal and jurisprudential research on the matter. It was concluded that EC 45/2004 was unconstitutional in relation to the creation of binding precedents, the non-application of which can be the subject of a constitutional complaint before the Supreme Court because of: 1) the constitutional rules, instituted to limit the Court's prerogative to issue binding precedents, are devoid of coercive force; 2) the binding precedents bear a binding effect, similar to the effect that is added to the judgments handed down by the Brazilian Court, in the exercise of the abstract/concentrated constitutional jurisdiction, including, as regards the derogatory effect of the laws of the Republic; iii) the Supreme Court may “reissue” a binding precedent, by issuing a review precedent, if the legislator “reissues” a law [on whose invalidity the Court has issued a binding precedent], which points to the legislator being bound by binding precedent law, by a transversal route. On the other hand, one of the conclusions is that the objectification of the processing and judgment of extraordinary appeals is a true archetype of the system of respect for judicial precedents established by the Brazilian's Supreme Federal Court in the exercise of diffuse constitutional jurisdiction, through which the doctrine of stare decisis was finally adopted in Brazilian law. In other words, with the re-signification of extraordinary appeals, which took place with the legal regulation of the general repercussion clause, instituted in the Judicial Branch Reform, the Court judgments handed down in these appeals now have erga omnes effectiveness because the content of their judgments can now be protected by the Court, through the handling of constitutional complaints. The same applies to judgments handed down by the Court in repetitive extraordinary appeals.listelement.badge.dso-type Item , Não aceitação da gravidez: construção de uma abordagem saudável em uma unidade básica de saúde no interior nordestino(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2025-07-08) Beatriz Campos Coutinho SilvaIntroduction: The non-acceptance of pregnancy is a complex situation with biopsychosocial nuances, multifactorial causes, and multifaceted consequences. It is a condition that can lead to unsafe abortions, with the risk of complications and death; negligent prenatal care; and an increase in prematurity and maternal-infant mortality. Since primary care is the main entry point to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), it is necessary for family health teams to know how to deal with these cases in a healthy and individualized way, supporting these women, reducing risks, and mitigating or resolving conflicts. Aim: To develop a training process for the Family Health Team of the Coivaras Primary Health Care Unit (PHCU), aiming to qualify the team in the approach to cases of unwanted pregnancy, in a humanized and technical manner. Methodology: This is an action research project in the form of an intervention project, which will be implemented at the PHCU Coivaras, located in the municipality of Matões do Norte-MA. The research will be conducted in the following stages: 1) bibliographic survey on the topic of unwanted pregnancy; 2) construction of an expository lesson on the topic, together with a Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) and a referral and counter-referral flowchart for the regional health network; 3) delivery of the expository lesson to the PHCU Coivaras team in a training format, presentation of the CPG and the flowchart to the Municipal Health Department and the Municipal Management, and implementation of the materials in a local context and, if approved, at the municipal and regional levels. Expected results: Training of the PHCU Coivaras team, offering better care for patients in situations of pregnancy rejection; greater attendance and quality of prenatal care; fewer attempts at unsafe abortion; greater adherence of the population to available contraceptive methods; in the long term, lower rates of prematurity and maternal and infant mortality.