Repositório DSpace

Comunidades no DSpace

Selecione uma comunidade para navegar por suas coleções

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Gestão 0
Publicações Científicas e Culturais 22786
Recursos Educacionais 447
Trabalhos Acadêmicos 52991

Submissões Recentes

A avaliação quantitativa de risco microbiano (QMRA) para o consumo de leite em pó reconstituído em diferentes cenários.
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2025-04-29) Maísa Daré Perim
Bacillus cereus is a microorganism of major relevance for the dairy industry due to its pathogenicity, spoilage potential, and ability to form spores resistant to chemical and physical agents, thereby advance its persistence throughout the dairy production chain. In products such as powdered milk, sublethal thermal processes, including pasteurization and evaporation, may induce spore activation, enabling germination and multiplication under favorable conditions. Given the importance of milk for food and nutrition security and the Brazilian economy, the application of tools such as Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) is essential to quantify the impact of this pathogen on public health and to support risk mitigation strategies. In light of this, a QMRA model was developted to describe the effect of unit operations during powdered milk processing on the behavior of B. cereus and to estimate the risk associated with the product consumption regarding emetic and diarrheal syndromes. The model was built based on literature data about the prevalence, survival, growth, sporulation, and germination of B. cereus (spores and vegetative cells) in different dairy matrices and under various thermal conditions, integrating population consumption patterns to perform Monte Carlo simulations using the @Risk software. Using the model outputs, an exposure model and a dose–response model were developed, and the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with morbidity and comorbidity attributable to B. cereus toxin-mediated foodborne illness was estimated. The results showed that, despite variability in the estimated concentrations of vegetative cells throughout the production stages, the final contamination of the product was not influenced by the different industrial designs evaluated. Since after storage, a mean total contamination of 1.97 log₁₀ CFU·g⁻¹ and a 95th percentile of 4.18 log₁₀ CFU·g⁻¹ of B. cereus in powdered milk were estimated. After reconstitution for consumption, heating by flame or microwave showed a greater potential for microbial load reduction compared to other preparation scenarios, with no statistically significant difference between these two methods (p < 0.05). No significant levels of the toxin cereulide were estimated; therefore, the calculated DALYs refer exclusively to morbidity associated with diarrheal outbreaks. Mean values were lower than 4 × 10⁻⁴ DALYs per 100,000 consumers across all age groups, both in the global population and in Brazil. The highest DALY values were observed among Brazilian adolescents aged 15 to 19 years and children aged 5 to 11 years at the global level, even though the highest probability of exceeding the toxic dose was estimated for elderly individuals aged 75 to 79 years globally (0.36%) and Brazilian adults aged 50 to 54 years (0.15%). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the main contributors to output variance were the amount of contaminated food consumed, the proportion of symptomatic individuals, and the powdered milk drying temperature, which the latter could be considered a potential critical control point in the powdered milk processing chain in future studies.
Perfil peptidômico no plasma de pacientes com leucemias agudas: identificação de assinaturas de potenciais biomarcadores com espectrometria de massa.
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2025-04-16) Danila Felix Coutinho
ABSTRACT Acute leukemias (ALs) are malignant hematological neoplasms characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature cells in the bone marrow, impairing normal hematopoiesis. ALs are classified as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and differ in terms of age distribution and response to therapy. Despite advances in diagnostic tools, conventional approaches still present limitations, including the need for invasive procedures and the challenge of distinguishing between AL subtypes. In this context, clinical peptidomics (CP) has emerged as a promising tool for identifying molecular biomarkers that may improve diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment strategies. This study aimed to conduct a literature review on the application of CP in ALs, as well as to identify molecular signatures for clinical differentiation, assess prognostic biomarkers, and explore treatment-related changes by analyzing samples collected at two time points: at diagnosis (T1) and after three weeks of treatment (T4). Specifically, the study aimed to characterize the plasma peptidomic profiles of patients with ALL and AML compared to a control group; evaluate dynamic changes in peptide expression throughout therapy; identify signatures with clinical relevance using MALDI-TOF/MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of Flight Mass Spectrometry); investigate associations between peptidomic patterns and clinical variables such as age, outcome, and treatment response; and explore specific profiles in molecular subgroups including Philadelphia-positive and Philadelphia-negative ALL, AML with or without FLT3 mutation, and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). This thesis is divided into two main chapters. The first chapter presents a literature review on the use of CP in ALs, highlighting its potential biomarkers and technical limitations. The second chapter describes a MALDI-TOF/MS-based analysis of plasma samples from patients with ALL and AML. The results revealed potential biomarkers associated with differential diagnosis and clinical outcomes and supported the applicability of plasma as a viable matrix for peptidomic studies in acute leukemias.
Trabalho e educação de profissionais da Atenção Primária durante e após a pandemia de COVID-19: análise comparativa entre Brasil, Portugal, Espanha e Itália
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2025-11-19) Bruna Dias França
This doctoral thesis investigates Permanent Health Education (PHE) within the work processes of Primary Healthcare (PHC) professionals, comparing the realities of Brazil, Portugal, Spain, and Italy during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research delves into the analysis of social and political forces in dispute within PHC, examining their implications for workers' PHE. The study is grounded in the Historical-Dialectical Materialism (HDM) framework, seeking to capture within the macro and microstructural dimensions the historical-political-economic determinations of the structural crisis of capitalism, which influence the work and education of PHC professionals. The adopted methodology was organized into three complementary paths. The first involved a scoping review to map existing production on the research topic, along with documentary analysis of regulatory norms from the participating countries. The second path included technical visits to health services, utilizing the technique of participatory observation, accompanied by active professionals in the services. Finally, the third path consisted of conducting individual semi- structured interviews with PHC professionals. The Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of 49 normative documents (11 from Brazil, 14 from Portugal, 14 from Spain, and 10 from Italy) and 95 interviews with health workers (51 from Brazil, 13 from Portugal, 15 from Spain, and 16 from Italy) resulted in the identification of 13 representative analytical discourse categories, distributed into two major groups: 8 textual analytical categories, encompassing linguistic and semantic aspects of the statements, and 5 ideological and discursive categories, related to the meanings produced in the discourse. Based on this analysis, the thesis results are organized into four thematic categories: (I) The political macrostructures that guide the work and education of Primary Healthcare workers in Brazil, Portugal, Spain, and Italy; (II) Discursive practices of Primary Healthcare professionals regarding permanent and continuing education processes in pandemic and post-pandemic contexts in Brazil, Portugal, Spain, and Italy; (III) Work and Education in Primary Healthcare: Continuities and Ruptures; (IV) Between normative and worker discourses on Permanent Education in Primary Healthcare: Ruptures between Proposal and Execution. Based on these categories, the thesis asserts that the COVID-19 pandemic acted as a historical catalyst, driving transformations in PHE practices within PHC. The antithesis, dialectically revealed, manifested in the subordination of training to the logic of capital. The resulting synthesis is a scenario of contradictions, where the construction of more effective policies and the preparation of National Health Systems (NHS) for future crises require the State to move beyond rhetoric, seeking the objective and material guarantee of educational actions, thus preventing the subordination of human development to the imperatives of accumulation. The struggle for a Permanent Education with a radically transformative character is, fundamentally, a struggle for the des-alienation of labor in health.
Differential modulation of cytosolic lipases activities in liver and adipose tissue by high-carbohydrate diets
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2016-02-13) Angélica Heringer Rodrigues; Carolina Campos Lima Moreira; Érica Guilhen Mario; Letícia Maria de Souza Cordeiro; Gleide Fernandes Avelar; Leida Maria Botion; Valéria Ernestânia Chaves
Several studies have demonstrated that a high-fructose (FRUC) diet induces metabolic and haemodynamic abnormalities, known as the metabolic syndrome, which are characterised by obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. In this study, the effect of a FRUC diet (60 % fructose) for 8 weeks on the metabolism of lipids in liver and epididymal adipose tissue from Wistar rats was compared with the AIN-93M diet and the effects of the AIN-93M diet were compared with a chow diet. The FRUC diet induced marked increases in both hepatocyte lipid droplet volume and postprandial serum levels of triacylglycerol (TAG), but reduced the postprandial serum levels of insulin. The AIN-93M diet induced marked increases in the hepatocyte lipid droplet volume and the serum levels of insulin, without affecting the serum levels of TAG. We found that isocaloric substitution of cornstarch, dextrinised cornstarch and sucrose (AIN-93M diet) for fructose did not affect the hepatic VLDL-TAG secretion and adipose tissue glucose uptake, lipolysis and cytosolic lipases activities in rats. However, the high-fructose diet induced a severe steatosis in liver accompanied by a decrease in cytosolic lipases activities. In adipose tissue, the FRUC diet induced a decrease in the lipoprotein lipase activity, and an increase in lipogenesis. FRUC and AIN-93M diets induced changes in lipid homeostasis in liver and adipose tissue by distinct biochemical mechanisms.
Teorização dos fenômenos envolvidos na não estruturação dos serviços primários em saúde, considerando os atributos da Atenção Primária
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2025-07-29) Sara Machado de Amorim
This study aimed to develop a theorization about the lack of organization and orientation of primary health services, considering the attributes of Primary Health Care (PHC) in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. PHC, the first level of care in the Unified Health System, is responsible for the system's entry point, addressing primary health needs and providing continuous care, as well as coordinating and integrating the broader health care network. Therefore, primary health services must be structured according to the following attributes: access to initial contact, longitudinality, comprehensiveness, coordination of care, family orientation, community orientation, and cultural competence. The study is qualitative and grounded in a theoretical framework based on the PHC attributes outlined in the Brazilian National Primary Care Policy. Methodologically, it is supported by grounded theory (GT). Eleven in-depth interviews were conducted with social actors involved in the provision of public health services in the municipality, including professionals working in primary health care units, residents affiliated with them, and managers. Through data analysis, a theoretical construct emerged, with the central category identified as follows: “The hegemony of specialized care and the legacy of the biomedical model as structuring elements in the orientation of health services.” This theorization enabled the identification of the roots of the phenomenon, revealing that, despite initiatives to strengthen PHC, the organization of services in the municipality remains heavily shaped by the biomedical model and historical legacies. These findings could inform strategies to strengthen primary healthcare services in the municipality and transform the care model. This study informed the development of a technical product, the objective of which is to strengthen the PHC by sharing scientific evidence and reflections on health policies considering the attributes of PHC through a series of episodes on the podcast platform titled "Podcast: Quem tem Boca vai ao SUS?" set in the context of the municipality of Juiz de Fora.

Busca

Comunidades no DSpace

Submissões Recentes