Fatores biomecânicos e psicológicos que influenciam no retorno ao esporte após cirurgia de LCA: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament injury and its reconstruction are frequent in sports, and the ideal rehabilitation of this lesion should aim at biomechanical and psychological aspects, seeking a rehabilitation program that brings safety to the athlete and success in his return to the sport. Objective: to gather evidence from the literature that demonstrates biomechanical and psychological aspects that influenced the rehabilitation process after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament and what is the best way to intervene in order to return the patient to the sporting environment. Methods: A literature review was conducted in the Medline, Lilacs, Pedro and Cochrane databases from studies that evaluated both the biomechanical and psychological factors that guide the return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes. Results: Ten articles that entered the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Strength, agility, jumping and sporting exercises are extremely important to improve athletes' physical condition in the rehabilitation of the anterior cruciate ligament. Allied to this, trust, motivation and fear must also be worked towards success in returning to sport. Conclusion: For the success of the return to sports after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, we seek the individual understanding of what the patient needs. Biomechanical evaluation, analyzing movement control and strength, considering also the psychological factors of the patient, help and guarantee safer decision making when releasing the athlete to the sport.