Neoplasias mesenquimais benignas da região oral e maxilofacial: um estudo retrospectivo de 1.066 casos

Abstract

Benign mesenchymal neoplasms are relatively uncommon diagnoses in the head and neck region and constitute a group of several tumors with distinct histogenesis and etiopathogenesis. Since researches on the prevalence of these lesions are limited, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, demographic and clinicopathological features of oral and maxillofacial benign mesenchymal neoplasms in an oral pathology service. This is a cross‐sectional study conducted over a 66‐year period. Archives from the Oral Pathology Service, School of Dentistry, of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais were reviewed and all histopathological reports with diagnoses of benign mesenchymal neoplasms were recovered. Demographic (sex, age and skin color) and clinical data (lesion appearance, site, size, color, symptoms, bone involvement, radiographic aspects, clinical and histopathological diagnosis) were collected from the biopsy records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. A total of 38,119 archived specimens were reviewed, revealing 1,066 (2.79%) neoplasms, of which 369 were fibroblastic/myofibroblastic, 250 adipose, 179 vascular, 130 neural, 94 osseous and cartilaginous, 19 muscle and 2 fibrohistiocytic tumors. Tumors were predominant in females (62.8%), white‐skinned (42.3%) patients, with mean age of 42 years. Most lesions were papules and nodules (42.7%), and often measure between 0–5 mm (26.4%). Tongue (25.2%) was the most commonly affected site for extraosseous neoplasms and mandible (67.0%) for intraosseous tumors. This is the study with the largest sample of benign mesenchymal neoplasms of the oral and maxillofacial region. These lesions were unusual in the Laboratory studied, with giant cell fibroma, lipomas and hemangiomas being the most prevalent neoplasms. Although they may have similar clinical features, the further characterization and differentiation among these tumors presented in this study, is important to help the clinician in the accurate diagnostic and management of its patients.