Alterações dos componentes imunes presentes no colostro de mães com diabetes mellitus gestacional

Abstract

Introduction: Breast milk is considered a complete and essential food for the newborn (NB). Until approximately the first 7 days after delivery, the milk excreted from the breast is known as colostrum, a fluid with less volume and rich in immunological compounds. This kind of milk is responsible for providing optimal nutrition for the healthy growth and development of babies, as well as ensuring the protection and proper development of the newborn's immune system. However, some maternal factors, such as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), may change the concentration of cytokines and chemokines present in colostrum. In this context, it is important to evaluate changes variations in the concentrations of these biomarkers in the presence of this disease, since these variations can affect the development of the newborn's immune system. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate whether the occurrence of GDM changes the concentration of cytokines and chemokines present in colostrum. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out with two groups of women hospitalized in the immediate postpartum period at a reference maternity hospital in Belo Horizonte. The groups were separated so that in one of them all the participants had a healthy pregnancy, and the other group had GDM. Socioeconomic, health and anthropometric data were collected through the pregnant woman's handbook and postpartum assessment. Also in the postpartum period, an average of 2mL of colostrum was collected in both groups for analysis of cytokine / chemokine concentration by multiplex immunoassay. Results: 25 women were included in the study, 56% of whom had a normal risk pregnancy and 44% GDM. The mean and standard deviation of age between them were calculated for the usual risk and GDM groups, respectively (24.86 ± 5.26) and (30.09 ± 6.25). In the DMG group, an increase in the concentration of IL-10, IFN- and IL-15 was observed. In a global assessment, it was noticed that the colostrum of women with GDM has a higher concentration of inflammatory agents, as well as anti-inflammatory agents and that there is a positive correlation between cytokines and chemokines in this group. Conclusion: In this perspective, the data obtained in the study supports the idea that this disease leads to immune changes in colostrum, suggesting that there is an overall increase in cytokines and chemokines in the GDM group.