Associação entre o sono e as lesões musculoesqueléticas em atletas adolescentes

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between quantity and quality of sleep and musculoskeletal injuries in adolescent athletes. Also, compare the quantity and quality of sleep between the training period and the vacation period of adolescent athletes. Participants were 19 athletes of both sexes, aged between 12 and 21 years, from the UFMG Athletics Training Center, in the 100, 200 and 400 meters categories, who participated in competitions at local, regional and/or national level in the last six months. The evaluations were divided into three phases, as follows: Phase 1: August 2018: mid-season of the sports season; Phase 2: October 2018: competitive period; and Phase 3: January 2019: school vacation. In both, the athletes were instructed to use the actigraph for 10 days, maintaining their usual sleep-wake habit. To characterize the athletes' previous injuries and prospective follow-up of the injuries for six months after the beginning of the Phase 1 evaluations. Was considered injuries, regardless of the need for medical attention or removal from activities. The descriptive analysis of the variables was presented qualitatively and quantitatively. Were applied the Shapiro-Wilk test, Spearman's correlation coefficient and logistic regression was performed. Finally, repeated measures ANOVA was used too. It can be concluded that the wake after onset sleep were a significant predictor of previous injuries, as well as the awake time was a significant predictor of the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries. For the sleep variables, there was a decrease in the awake time from Phase 2 to Phase 3 (p = 0.004), an increase in the total sleep time from Phase 2 to Phase 3 (p = 0.012) and a decrease in wake time after sleep onset from Phase 1 to Phase 2 (p = 0.001) and from Phase 1 to Phase 3 (p = 0.025). In addition, during the vacation period, the adolescent athletes presented shorter awake time, longer total sleep time, shorter wake time after sleep onset and less musculoskeletal injuries.