Uma discussão sobre regionalismo e acordos preferenciais de comércio internacional como estratégia de inserção internacional dos países da América Latina em um "mundo multiplex"

Abstract

From the discussion of the concept of “Multiplex World”, developed by Professor Amitav Acharya in his book The End of American Order (2014), to explain the emerging world order, which at the beginning of the century replaces the hegemonic liberal international order led by the USA since the end of World War II, the objective of this paper is to answer the following questions: how regionalism in Latin America ( AL) and the preferential agreements of international trade, carried out by the countries of that region, have been used as a strategy for international insertion in this “Multiplex World”? How do they influence and assist in the redesign of global governance institutions and rules? In other words, as the “Multiplex World” is based on the idea that the global order under US hegemony has come to an end, there are multiple and important actors, culturally and politically diverse, global interdependence reaches unprecedented levels and the emerging order is decentralized and pluralistic, sought to discuss how the regionalism process and the preferential trade agreements of the LA countries have been used as part of their international insertion strategy at a time when populist governments are unhappy with the consequences of globalization are elected in all regions of the world? From a qualitative research, it is identified that dozens of preferential trade agreements have been approved in the last decades or are being negotiated by Latin American countries and several regionalist processes characterize their fragmented system of regional governance. The analysis below shows that LA countries see them as a way of reacting to the previous order, whose system favored the great Western powers, which abused existing norms and rules, and resisted the reforms of multilateral institutions. Furthermore, they are perceived by Latin American governments as opportunities to promote their development, expand their position in the global economy and strengthen regional governance.