Células tumorais disseminadas (CTDS) em medula óssea, alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em cadelas com neoplasias mamárias em estadiamento clínico avançado

Abstract

Canine mammary tumors are the most common neoplastic process in the bitches and represent a major impact for veterinary medicine. Mammary inflammatory carcinoma (MIC) is the clinical-pathological presentation of a locally invasive and extremely aggressive mammary neoplasia, considering its high metastatic potential, hyperacute course and unfavorable prognosis. The presence of disseminated tumor cells (CTD's) in bone marrow (BM) has been demonstrated as an unfavorable prognostic factor in human patients and has been little researched in bitches with breast neoplasms. Hematological and biochemical abnormalities are often found in small animals with neoplasms and can result from the direct effects of tumor growth or paraneoplastic syndromes. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of DTC in BM and hematological and biochemical changes in bitches with mammary tumors in advanced clinical stage and MIC. Twenty-seven bitches were divided into three groups: bitches with regional lymph node metastases (GIV/n=8); bitches with distal organ metastases (GV/n=8) and bitches with MIC (n=11). Aspiration of MO and blood sampling for CBC and chemistry profile was performed. The presence of CTD in BM were found and confirmed in 4 bitches with MIC. As for the analysis of hematological changes, 43 bitches were divided into three groups: bitches with breast cancer in initial clinical stage (I, II and III / n = 17), bitches with breast cancer in advanced clinical stage (IV and V / n = 15) and bitches that presented Mammary inflammatory carcinoma (MIC / n = 11). The analysis of the erythrogram showed a significant difference in the values of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit between the groups, characterizing anemia. The leukogram analysis showed a significant difference in the values of total leukocytes and segmented neutrophils between the groups, characterizing a picture of neutrophilic leukocytosis. The analysis of the biochemical profile showed a significant difference in the values of ALT, AST, GGT and albumin between the groups. In view of this, the present study demonstrated the presence of CTD's in OM of 4 bitches with MIC and hematological changes of the type anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis and liver enzymes in bitches with breast cancer in advanced clinical stage.