Indicação de equipamento coletor para adultos com estomias de eliminação: Scoping Review

Abstract

Introduction: An ostomy is constructed by a surgical procedure aimed at the exteriorization, through an orifice (ostomy), of a certain hollow organ or viscera. It has a temporary or permanent purpose and has the function of diversion of the elimination flow, aid in breathing or feeding, allowing the return to the normal functions of the organ in question. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health has established national guidelines for the health care of ostomies people, within the scope of the Unified Health System. This specialized services aim to carry out self-care guidance actions, prevention and treatment of complications in ostomies and supply of collecting equipment and protective and safety adjuvants and professional training. Objective: To identify and synthesize scientific evidence on the indication of collecting equipment for elimination ostomies in adults. Method: This is a scoping review developed based on the recommendations of the international PRISMA-ScR guide and on the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605 / OSF.IO / K982H). To construct the research question was usede the stragy participants, concept and context (PCC), where P (participants): adults with ostomy; C (concept): indication of collecting equipment for elimination ostomies; and C (context): not applicable. The research question was: what scientific evidence in the hospital context and specialized health care services for people with ostomy are available on the indication of collecting equipment in adults? The search for studies in the Medline databases was performed via PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS and LILACS, between June and July 2021. Original studies and literature reviews published in full, in English, Portuguese and Spanish published from 2010 onwards were included. Editorials, reviews, letters and studies that didn´t deal with the subject under study were excluded. The studies were exported to the Rayyan® Program, where they were evaluated in a double-blind format by reading the title and abstract. Eligible studies were fully evaluated for further data extraction. The classification of the levels of evidence of the studies was based on the proposal by Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the material. Results: Most studies were published in the last five years (n=4; 80%). All were international and two (40%) were developed by researchers affiliated with companies developing ostomy collecting equipment located in the United Kingdom/USA and France. Two used consensus techniques added to literature reviews (40%) and another two (40%) used clinical trials without randomization. As for the levels of evidence, three (60%) had weak levels (VI and VII) and two (40%) had median levels (III). Conclusion: There is a lack of evidence that can scientifically support the indication of collecting equipment in adults with elimination ostomies. It´s essential to carry out more studies, with more robust research designs, so that health professionals, and especially stomal therapy nurses, can support their prescriptions based on scientific evidence.