Percepção dos pacientes com câncer colorretal portadores de estomia quanto ao acesso a seus direitos

Abstract

Cancer is among the four main causes of premature death in most countries and constitutes a public health problem in the world. In Brazil, colorectal cancer ranks fourth in prevalence, with an estimated 41 thousand new cases per year. Its treatment may include surgical procedure, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Surgery involves resection of the affected site and may require a permanent or temporary ostomy. The construction of a stoma represents a physical and psychological aggression, demanding greater dedication from the nurse during care and requires specific guidance for the rehabilitation process. The International Association of Ostomates has issued a statement describing the rights of ostomates with the aim that these rights are accomplished in every country in the world. The general objective: to understand the perception of colorectal cancer patients with intestinal elimination ostomy about the access to their rights. This is a series of cases, using qualitative data analysis. This study was carried out in a private Oncology treatment clinic, located in a city in the interior of Minas Gerais, through semi-structured interviews with six patients selected according to the inclusion criteria. Three emerging themes were identified in the qualitative analysis: “Patients' perception of their rights”, “Care experiences in the Health Care Network” and “Biopsychosocial Needs”. We conclude with this research that patients do not have significant knowledge about their rights. We identified some weaknesses and strengths of the Health Care Network involved in assisting patients with elimination ostomy, with greater need for systematic care and addressing the individual's biopsychosocial needs.