Caracterização das pessoas com estomia de eliminação da macrorregião central de saúde de minas gerais

Abstract

Elimination ostomies, formed by the intestinal and urinary stomata, are indicated for the treatment of a series of diseases and injuries, the most frequent being colostomy, ileostomy and urostomy. It is the right of the person with ostomy to receive qualified assistance for early rehabilitation, for this, it is essential for nurses to know the clientele for whom the specialized service is intended. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of people with elimination ostomy attended by the Unified Health System of the central health macro-region of Minas Gerais and to characterize the clinical, social and self care conditions of users with ostomy registered in the aforementioned service. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study with a sample of 100 people with intestinal and urinary ostomy living in a central health macro-region of Minas Gerais, formed by the municipalities of Contagem, Ibirité and Sarzedo, who met the inclusion criteria. Results: to calculate the prevalence, the 298 registered users with ostomies with active registration were considered, 237 were from the municipality of Contagem, 51 from Ibirité and 10 from Sarzedo, resulting in the prevalence of people with elimination ostomy attended by the Unified System of Health of the central health macro-region of Minas Gerais found of 6.035. Most participants were male (56%), white (52%), literate (87%), with an income of up to R$2,000 (71%). The main disease that led to the creation of the ostomy was colorectal cancer, especially cancer of the rectum. There was a predominance of colostomy (49%) and ileostomy (42%), 80% were temporary, 94% had irregular shape, diameter from 15mm to 62mm, protrusion ranged from 0 to 12 cm and 45.2% were flat, 52% had an elimination pattern of 3 times a day. The effluent was liquid in 42.9% of the ileostomies, pasty in 45% of the right colostomy and semi-pasty in 51.7% of the left colostomy. The number of complications in the ostomy and surrounding skin was 50, with 62% being dermatitis, 80% used drainable collecting equipment and 41% did not receive the proper amount. The activities of emptying and changing the collection equipment were not carried out by 19% of the participants and 54% did not undergo periodic evaluation. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence was higher than that predicted by the Brazilian Association of Ostomy Patients and the International Ostomy Association for Brazil. The data confirmed the predominance of temporary ostomies, especially colostomies, followed by ileostomies, with colorectal cancer as the main reason. Dermatitis was the predominant complication. Many patients did not undergo periodic evaluations, a fact that requires reflection considering that people with an ostomy need specific care. Nurses' care must include guidelines in order to give patients as much autonomy as possible to culminate in rehabilitation.