Complicações na estomia de eliminação e pele ao redor

Abstract

Introduction: An elimination ostomy poorly located in the abdominal wall or made through inadequate surgical technique causes numerous inconveniences to patients and even causes complications that negatively impact the person's daily life, directly affecting their self-care, demanding an increase in the cost of the use of adjuvants, longer hospital stays and greater difficulties for rehabilitation. Epidemiological data (incidence and prevalence) of complications in elimination ostomy are rare because they are not considered adverse events and do not require compulsory notification. General objective: Analyze complications in the elimination ostomy and surrounding skin and their repercussions. Specific objectives: Estimate the prevalence of complications in the elimination ostomy; evaluate the types of elimination ostomies, their indications and factors associated with dermatitis; assess the patient's ability to perform care with the collecting equipment. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in four specialized services of the public health network, located in the state of Bahia and Minas Gerais, with a sample of 180 patients with elimination ostomy who met the inclusion criteria. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: Age ranged from 3 months to 88 years, mean 55.52 (±18.49) and median 58 years. Complications in the ostomies and peristomal skin affected 130 patients and resulted in 188 episodes, with 49% dermatitis, 6% paracolostomic hernia, 6% prolapse, 5% retraction, 4% granuloma. The overall prevalence of complications was 72.2%, corresponding to a prevalence of 72.2% of dermatitis, 10% of paracolostomic hernia, 10% of prolapse, 7.6% of retraction and 5.6% of granuloma. The complications in the ostomy were statistically significant with gender (p = 0.003), time since the stoma was made (p = 0.004) and cancer as the cause of surgery (p = 0.004). Dermatitis was statistically significant with self-care (p = 0.004), type of ostomy (p = 0.003), effluent consistency (p = 0.002) and number of eliminations per day (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of complications in the ostomy and surrounding skin was high, especially dermatitis, paracolostomic hernia and prolapse. The presence of dermatitis is influenced by the type of ostomy, consistency and pattern of effluent elimination and interferes with self-care.