Análise da relação do índice de eficiência física com a carga de treinamento, fadiga, recuperação e lesão em partidas oficiais de futebol

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the association of the index of efficiency physical (IEF) with the training load, training status, recovery state, variation of mechanical performance during weeks of congested games, and describe its relationship with the incidence of injury of soccer players belonging to the elite of Brazil to the over two competitive seasons. Methods: Twenty-six, aged 29 ± 4 years, soccer players who competed in the first division of the Brazilian championship and the state championship participated in the present study. The athlete included in the study would have participated at least one complete game. Training load and IEF were assessed during two competitive soccer seasons, using a Global Position System (GPS) coupled to a heart rate monitor. The training load parameters used were the subjective perception of effort during a session of traning x min (sPSE), training impulse (TRIMP), total distance (DT), distance covered at high intensity (DAI), accelerations (ACE), and decelerations (DES). The training load was described as acute and chronic workload couple (A:C) and weekly variation in percentage. The IEF was evaluated using different forms of calculation, discarding the most similar methods from the final analysis. Data normality were verified, and data were described by descriptive statistics. The IEF values were tested every 15 min during the match utilizing ANOVA one way with repeated measures and compared the first with the second time utilizing the Student's t-test. Subsequently, Pearson's correlation was performed to test the association between the IEF and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (YYIRTL1), Yo-Yo endurance level 2 (YYETL2) tests, A:C workload, weekly variation, mechanical performance in sequence of congested games. Another analysis was the description of the incidence of injury per 1000h in the high and low efficiency groups according to the group median. Results: The IEF calculated through meters/min divided by the percentage of maximal heart rate (IEFfcmax) in the game presented a mean value of 1.19 ± 0.14. A drop in the IEF was observed in the 2nd half of the match (p<0.05). IEF correlations found: a) IEF with aerobic performance (r=0,77); b) there was no correlation between IEF and A:C workload; c) IEF and weekly load variation; d) IEF with variation in mechanical performance in weeks of congested games (correlation between variation of high intensity distance in congested calendar and IEF, r=0,26); e) IEF and recovery (state physical r=-0,25). There was a higher incidence of injury in athletes with higher IEF. Conclusion: The IEF demonstrated sensitivity to physical conditioning, recovery status, and change in mechanical performance in congested games, confirming its potential as robust tool to be used to control the training load. However, further research should assess the impact of training load on the IEF, as well as its relationship with injury.