Legislação urbanística e ocupação do solo : análise documental de atos normativos relativos à produção do espaço urbano do município de Belo Horizonte

Abstract

Urban planning is a significant social movement that had its origin in the industrial cities of the Global North in the 19th century. The configuration of Brazilian politics in this period, motivated the plan for the construction of a new capital for the state of Minas Gerais. In 1893, urban planning was launched to found the city of Belo Horizonte. As urban conditions are linked to the ways in which the Public Power manages the conditions for the development of infrastructure in its areas, by establishing regions of interest, this study investigates how urban legislation was incorporated in Belo Horizonte to demarcate territories. The objective is to show how urban legislation is related to the processes of use and territorial occupation for the different population groups. Outlined as an exploratory research with a qualitative approach, the methodology uses documentary analysis as an instrument, having as a source of data the normative acts of the municipality that regulate the production of the local urban space. The documents were collected through search engines for computerized legislation. Approximately one thousand normative acts were evaluated, referring to the production of urban space, the demarcation of urban areas, areas of urban expansion, the development of zoning, subdivision, dismemberment, use and parceling of Belo Horizonte's land guidelines. The discursive textual analysis guided the categorization processes of the documentation under study. Research on Belo Horizonte was also consulted, which is part of the discussion of documentary analysis. The results show the large volume of legislative production pertinent to urban regulation. Despite this, it is understood that the municipal urban legislation was not sufficient to encompass all the territories of the city where the urban space was reproduced. It was concluded that there are disparities in access to urban infrastructure for different regions due to the land use and occupation policy. Capitalist reproduction has segregated Belo Horizonte's spaces since the first conception of the planned urban city.