A reforma do ensino médio: uma análise da implementação em um Colégio Militar de Minas Gerais

Abstract

Over the past 25 years (1996 - 2021) high school (HS) in Brazil has been the subject of a broad agenda of reforms, the latest of which occurred under Michel Temer's government (2016 - 2018) materialized in Law No. 13.415/2017. This reform promoted changes in the school curricula, evaluation processes, pedagogical proposals of the schools, in public HS financing rules, besides establishing the progressive expansion of students’ length of stay in school. In this context, based on the assumptions of the public action of Barroso et al. (2007), Lascoumes and Le Galès (2007), Carvalho (2015) and the Theory of Regulation Barroso (2003, 2004, 2005); Maroy (2010, 2011); among others, the present research proposed to investigate the implementation process of the mentioned reform in one of the units of the Military Schools administered by the Brazilian Army existing in the State of Minas Gerais, in the period between 2017 and 2020. The materialization of the high school reform in the research school is also analyzed within the context of globalization and the proposition and formulation of a common agenda for educational policies conducted by international organizations such as the World Bank, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The research opted for the qualitative methodology, adopting as methodological instruments: a) a bibliographic review; b) a documentary research, focusing on the documents produced by the above-mentioned international organizations since the 2000s; those produced by the Brazilian Government, its Ministries, Institutes and other organs of the federal administration, besides the documents produced by the Brazil's Military School System and by the researched school, and other sectors of the civil society; and c) semi-structured interview with managers, teachers and students of the 3rd grade/HS in 2019 and 2020. When analyzing the implementation of the reform and the establishment of the Formative Itineraries and the extended journey, it was possible to identify the influence of the international organizations, as well as sectors of civil society, among them the business community in the changes established in Law No. 13.415/2017, as well as the way the Directorate of Preparatory and Assistance Education and managers, teachers and students of the researched school translated and interpreted the national norm. The document analysis and the interviews indicate that the modifications established by the reform have given a more preparatory identity to the last year of basic education at the researched school for the entrance exams of civil and military higher education institutions.