Envelhecimento no trabalho e absenteísmo-doença: o caso dos trabalhadores do Executivo Municipal de Nova Lima – MG

Abstract

According to population aging and the increase number of elderly people who work, it is essential to understand the various aspects of this human occupation, which includes absenteeism that is classified based on worker absence motivational factor in their workplace. Sickness-absenteeism (SA), an important health and work conditions measure, is the one that occurs because of an individual's incapacity due to an accidental illness or injury. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), aging can interfere with the performance of work activities, as well as being influenced by work-related conditions. In this way, the study aimed to investigate whether increasing age is associated with an absenteeism due to sickness increase among Nova Lima City (PMNL) employees, as well if there is a difference in the causes of absence from younger employees and their peers at the level of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (RMBH). It was done an analytical cross-sectional observational study which data for the year 2019 from two sources were analyzed: Health data sheets from the Public Agent Integrated Health Care Service (SIASS) of PMNL and databases from the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS) of the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE). From the workers tasks analysis, they were identified according to the Brazilian Classification of Occupation (CBO) and later categorized into six Professional Groups (PG): 1) Management and Planning; 2) Health; 3) Education; 4) Security; 5) Maintenance and repair; 6) Cleaning and conservation. Through measures of central tendency, bivariate and multiple correspondence analyzes it was found that only in the Maintenance and Cleaning and conservation groups, the proportion of workers aged 50 or more on sick leave is higher than between the youngest group: 87.36% and 65.12 % respectively. The causes of SA have a few differences between age groups. Musculoskeletal diseases were the main cause of SA among workers over 50 years old, and the second cause among younger workers. According with population studied, mental and behavioral disorders appear as the second SA cause among workers aged 50 or above, and the third cause among those under 50 age in multiple sick leaves. Older workers correspondence map indicated an association between males and Management and Planning, Security and Maintenance and repair PG. It was also demonstrated the association between males, the following PG (Management and Planning, Security and Maintenance and repair) and sick leaves from single episodes due to Blood, Endocrine, Nervous System, Digestive System diseases and External Causes of Morbidity and Mortality. It is expected that the results of this study enable planning specific actions for professional groups within the PMNL, considering the demands of each age group, creating strategies that promote work participation.