A estrutura da desvantagem e a desvantagem da estrutura: uma análise dos diferenciais de rendimentos no mercado de trabalho brasileiro no período de 2006 a 2016

Abstract

The years between 2006 and 2016 were characterized by important changes in the pace of economic growth, innovative increments through the incorporation of computational technologies in the work processes, shifts in sectoral patterns and changes on the educational supply. All these factors led to the hypothesis that the referred decade featured important changes in the occupational structure, which, in turn, have modified the inequality structure of Brazilian formal labor market. Considering this background, occupational typologies were used to characterize the occupational structure in four fundamental categories: the occupational skill requirements, technological use, gender and aging. The chosen typologies allowed to focus the analysis on the supply and demand for human capital, inasmuch as it is verified a direct relationship between the typologies and the individual productivity factors. Using RAIS microdata three hierarchical estimations were conducted for each of the samples of gender, age, age group and sector of activity. The variance partition revealed the increase of the importance of the occupational structure along the considered years, especially for distributive services, government and construction. The occupational structure is found to have greater determination in the variability of women’s income, indicating the relevance of the study of the conditions for female insertion in the occupational structure. In these lines, results pointed to the reduction of the gender gap in the considered period in clear contrast to the increase of the penalties suffered by female occupations relative to male occupations. Moreover, wage differences between men and women employed in female occupations increased, suggesting that the decrease in the gender gap was pushed by those employed in male or integrated occupations. In what concerns education, a decrease in the wage premium for the secondary and tertiary education was verified, in line with the increase in the educated workforce supply. On its hand, in relation to the occupational nature and technological extract, it is verified the increase of the wage premium for the occupations more complex in character and intensive in technologies, implying a suppressed demand for workers capable of occupying work posts that require more complex abilities which are not supplied by the increased educational levels.