A biomecânica dos membros inferiores na aterrissagem dos saltos bilateral e unilateral em atletas de voleibol

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have been analyzed landing from a jump in volleyball players and observed changes in biomechanical variables that lead to injuries. The most common injuries are the tendinopathy patellar and ACL repair. The most relevant mechanisms that could cause these injuries are the decreased knee flexion, increased knee valgus and increased ground reaction force. OBJECTIVE: Review of the literature on the biomechanics of the lower extremity at the time of landing from a drop jump. METHODS: A literature review of this study was conducted by searching the databases MEDLINE, Pedro, Lilacs, Scielo and Bireme including articles with the following keywords: biomechanics, drop jump, landing, athlete, volleyball. The research was limited to Portuguese and English, indexed from 2000 to 2010. However, we included some items of important article from 1985 to 2003. RESULTS: We used in this literature review 24 articles, all of which were included in the methodology and were relevant to the theme. CONCLUSION: Comparing the landings between bilateral and unilateral jumps, the variables were always pronounced in unilateral landing. The decrease in knee flexion occurs because of compensatory mechanisms that make the joint becomes more stiffness to prevent falls; increased knee valgus can be explained by the weakness of the abductor muscles; and increased ground reaction force occurs by decreasing the knee flexion, it difficult the correct internal force distribution by musculoskeletal system.