Efeitos dos exercícios no equilíbrio e nas quedas de indivíduos com doença de parkinson

Abstract

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic degenerative disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS) characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural abnormalities, gait disturbances and postural instability. Currently, postural instability has been considered one of the main features of PD patients that other associated manifestations, culminating in gait and balance disorders. All these changes mean that individuals with PD have reduced their activity levels, resulting in greater immobility and consequently strengthening the weaknesses and limitations, exposing them to falls. Deficits in balance and falls are frequent and bring serious consequences to individuals with PD. In addition to drug treatment, and physical therapy has been used in maintaining the well-being of the individual, keeping it active and functional. The objective of this review was to assess the impact of an exercise program on balance and falls in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), through its impact on functional testing. Two randomized controlled trials were included. The results of the Berg balance scale (BBS), Time up and go test (TUG) and Diary Falls were used for analysis. The results suggest benefits of balance training on falls in individuals with PD, although not presenting statistically significant differences in the results of the TUG and Diary Falls. Only one study showed a statistically significant difference in the results of BBS. However, more studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of exercise in improving balance and falls in patients with PD.