Alterações da cinemática e cinética relacionadas a pressão plantar do complexo tornozelo-pé associada a lesões em corredores: revisão da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: In the U.S. it is estimated that 30 million Americans are recreational runners and each year from 25% to 50% will get injured enough to cause a change in performance or sport. Most injuries in runners occur in the lower limbs, and usually changes the pattern of motion of the ankle and foot complex are associated with the development of injury. Thus, injuries in runners are multifactorial and the identification of causal factors is extremely important to prevent and treat injuries. Objective: To review the changes on the kinematics and kinetics related to plantar pressure of the complex associated with ankle and foot injuries in runners. Methodology: For the survey study were used in English and Portuguese and included studies that investigated characteristics of the ankle-foot kinematics and kinetics related to analysis of plantar pressure in corridors associated with sports injuries. Results: The literature search result a total of seven articles, and injuries most commonly found in the race were patellofemoral pain syndrome, stress fracture of the tibia, stress fracture of the second and third metatarsal and Achilles tendinopathy. The main changes related to the emergence of the kinematics of injury were greater peak rearfoot eversion, hip adduction, knee flexion and medial rotation of the knee, and changes the kinetics related to plantar pressure were rearfoot plantar force in more laterally displaced shock during the heel and on the second and third metatarsal during the response to load, compared with runners who did not develop lesions. Conclusion: It is important that the therapist has knowledge of the normal biomechanics of the race to identify changes in the kinematics of each patient and major injuries that your athlete will be exposed. Further studies in the area of injury prevention for runners should be performed, since it is a sport that is being widely practiced by the population.