A importância dos rotadores externos na prevenção de lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior em atletas do sexo feminino: revisão de literatura

Abstract

The anterior cruciate ligament is a structure commonly injured in sports (LANE et al., 2008). Most injuries occur in female athletes (TAUTON et al., 2002 and AGEL et al, 2005). There are several mechanisms of these injuries can be linked to intrinsic and extrinsic factors (HEWETT et al., 2006). Extrinsic factors have the use of equipment, rules of the game, type of road and weather conditions, we have intrinsic hormonal factors, anatomical and biomechanical (SLOCUM ; LARSON, 2007). Currently, most studies have focused on biomechanical factors as these can be easily modifiable by preventive training (Hewett et al., 2006, Slocum and Larson, 2007). Among the biomechanical factors, many studies have reported increased dynamic valgus at the time of landing, deceleration or change of direction as a risk factor for ACL injury in female athletes (Markolf et al., 1995; Krosshaug et al., 2007; Renstrom et al., 2008; Herrington, 2010; Quatman et al., 2010). Most authors associate this increased dynamic valgus in women with deficiencies in lateral rotator and abductor muscles of the hip to control the movement (Ferber et al., 2003; Hewett et al., 2006; Boling et al., 2009). Thus, some authors have shown that preventive work with athletes who had valgus based on dynamic plyometric training, eccentric muscle strengthening rotator, technically correct execution of the movement and flexibility are able to reduce the dynamic valgus and with it the possibility of injury ACL (Noyes et al., 2005; Hewett et al., 2006; Myer et al., 2008; Chappell and Limpisvasti, 2008; Herrington, 2010). Even with these preventative techniques, the authors believe that the numbers of injuries are still high in female athletes (Agel et al., 2005) and preventive training protocols, even if associated with other types of training are very challenged by the professionals involved in the sport (Herrington, 2010).