Alterações histopatológicas da dentina, cavidade pulpar e cemento de dentes de cães com tártaro extraídos cirurgicamente

Abstract

Dental calculus are among the main changes found in dog teeth. Commonly, it is associated with periodontal disease, which compromises the animal's quality of life, and causes tooth loss. However, despite this, the histopathological alterations of the structures that comprise the tooth, such as dentin, pulp cavity and cementum, have not been described in teeth of dogs with dental calculus. The aim of this study was to report and establish the frequency of histopathological changes of dentin, pulp cavity and cementum present in the incisors, canines, premolars and molars of dogs with dental calculus, extracted, decalcified and routinely processed for histology. Initially, data were recorded for each dog such as breed, sex, age, as well as the causes of tooth extraction and dental history. We evaluated 158 teeth with dental calculus (45 incisors, 31 canines, 35 premolars and 47 molars) from 74 male and female animals of different ages, pure or mixed breed. The dental calculus were classified as coronal, root and coronal + root and the frequency of coronal, root and coronal + root dental calculus on each tooth was evaluated. Diseases or histopathological changes of each part of the tooth (dentin, pulp cavity and cementum) were analyzed and described in order to establish the frequency of these changes in the incisors, canines, premolars and molars. The frequency of microscopic changes in dentin, pulp cavity and cementum in the incisors, canines, premolars and molars with coronal, root and coronal + root dental calculus was also evaluated. The coronal and root dental calculus predominated and were present in 78 (49%) of the evaluated teeth. Microscopically, 45% of the teeth presented dentinal alterations, predominantly the external resorption cavities with necrosis, followed by osteodentin. In the pulp cavity, in 71% of the teeth, histological alterations were observed, being fibrosis and pulp mineralization and necrosis without odontoblasts, the most predominant alterations. Cement alterations were observed in 87% of the teeth, with the predominant resorption cavities with necrosis, followed by hypercementosis and ankylosis. Most dentin, cementum and pulp cavity changes were present in the teeth with coronal + root dental calculus. It can be concluded that the extension of the dental calculus are associated with the increased frequency of alterations in the dentin, pulp cavity and cementum. Canine teeth are less affected by dentin alterations, the incisors are the ones that have less frequency of changes in the pulp cavity and that the premolar and canine teeth present a higher frequency of cementum alterations.