Prevalência e fatores associados à violência contra as mulheres adultas por parceiro íntimo: análise de dois inquéritos nacionais de saúde

Abstract

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects women all over the world, being an evident violation of Human Rights. IPV is related to social inequalities and inequities, contributing to the vulnerability of specific groups. Objective: To analyze the occurrence of intimate partner violence against adult women and it associated factors in two epidemiological surveys carried out in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study using data from the National Health Survey (PNS) 2019 and the Violence and Accident Surveillance System (VIVA) Survey 2017. For the PNS 2019 analysis, IPV was considered as the report by the woman of any act of violence, whether psychological, physical or sexual, perpetrated by a current or previous intimate partner. Prevalence and crude (cPR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios of IPV were calculated according to age group, education, race/skin color, region, and income, using the Poisson model. Regarding the VIVA Survey, physical violence perpetrated by a current or previous intimate partner was considered. Weighted frequencies were estimated, and Simple Correspondence Analysis (SCA) was performed to verify the association between the characteristics of the victim, the violence, and the probable aggressor. Results: The results of the PNS showed that IPV was reported by 7.60% of Brazilian adult women, with psychological violence being the most common (7.07%). In the multivariate model, it was found that women aged 18 to 24 years (cPR: 1.41; CI95%: 1,10; 1,82)) and 25 to 39 years (cPR: 1.42; CI95%: 1,23; 1,65) and with income less than 1 minimum wage (cPR: 1.55; CI95%: 1,08; 2,23) had higher prevalence of IPV. Regarding the VIVA Survey, 276 victims of physical IPV were surveyed in 2017. It stood out in the SCA the profile 2, which showed an association between the age group of 40 and 59 years, education of up to 08 years of schooling, alcohol consumption by the victim and violence through weapons; and the profile 4, in which the age group from 18 to 24 years, black race/skin color, lack of paid activity, aggression on public roads and serious injuries were associated. Conclusions: Violence affects women from different contexts and IPV is unevenly distributed, with women of lower income and of black race/skin color being more exposed to more serious violence. These results show the importance of analyzing IPV in different surveys, as it makes possible to know different realities and support the development of integrated policies and strategies for the prevention of this condition, helping to achieve equity in health.