Efeitos da fisioterapia no ganho de força em pacientes idosos pós artroplastia total de quadril

Abstract

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) consists of replacing the head of the femur and the acetabulum with metallic components. This procedure benefits the elderly population due to the greater prevalence of chronic pathologies, such as osteoarthritis, necrosis of the femoral head and fractures of the femoral neck. During rehabilitation in the postoperative period, the gain in muscle strength aims to relieve pain, improve clinical and functional performance. Objective: To investigate the effect of physiotherapy on muscle strength gain in elderly patients after total hip arthroplasty. Methods: The search was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases, using the keywords total hip arthroplasty, elderly, muscle strength and physiotherapy. Five studies were included in the present study. Results: The factors pain, age, osteoarthritis, osteopenia, gait speed, functional level and strength of hip stabilizers are influential in the postoperative period of joint replacement. These factors were assessed using the 1 RM test, 6-minute gait speed test, Harris Hip Score (HHS), physical activity scale and pain scores. Although Hammett describes that the sedentary behavior of some patients has little to moderate impact on the level of physical activity, the other authors defend the idea that resistance exercises with a pre-established load have a positive impact on rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty. Conclusion: Despite the limited number of studies and their methodological differences, it was possible to observe that the performance of therapeutic exercises with an emphasis on muscle strengthening of the hip stabilizers has a positive impact on the improvement of pain, physical function, gait speed and quality of life.