Comorbidades em pacientes usuários de antipsicóticos atípicos atendidos em uma farmácia do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica, MG-BR.

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder with individual and social impacts, which in addition to causing suffering due to the mental illness itself, is a risk factor for other diseases, consequently increasing a mortality rate in relation to the general population. Antipsychotics are the drugs of choice for the treatment of this disorder and despite being prevented in the prevention of relapse of psychotic symptoms, they present adverse reactions that are also responsible for the comorbidities in patients. In addition to the impacts on patient morbidity and mortality and quality of life, comorbidities in patients with mental problems also affect the economy and health systems. The aim of the study is to evaluate an association between clinical comorbidities, sociodemographic profile and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia using atypical antipsychotics from the Specialized Component of Pharmaceutical Assistance of the Brazilian Unified Health System. This is a cross-sectional study of the baseline characteristics of the SCHEEA cohort, conducted between September 2017 and March 2018, conducted with 418, aged 18 years or older and using one of the atypical antipsychotic drugs: clozapine, olanzapine, ziprasidone, quetiapine or risperidone, attended in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Through a structured questionnaire, sociodemographic and behavioral data, use of health services, use of medication, quality of life and comorbidities were collected. Patients with schizophrenia and clinical comorbidities were older, less educated; a greater proportion had partners and was retired/away from work; in addition to having more previous psychiatric hospitalizations and most of them did not consult exclusively through the SUS. There was not relationship between the atypical antipsychotic used and the presence of comorbidities. However, patients with comorbidities use a greater number of psychotropic drugs. The most affected comorbidities were arterial hypertension (41.18%), diabetes (37.56%), thyroid dysfunction (20.36%), dyslipidemia (18.10%) and respiratory diseases (7.69%), respectively. Aspects related to quality of life, such as mobility and pain/discomfort were worse evaluated in patients with comorbidities. Thus, access to specialized consultations in the SUS is essential so that comorbidities are properly prevented, identified and treated correctly. In addition, comprehensive care is necessary, not only improving mental health, but also ensuring the physical health of patients.