Fatores que contribuem com a ocorrência de extravasamento de drogas Citostáticasem pacientes acometidos por câncer

Abstract

Considering the modalities of cancer treatment, chemotherapy presents a higher as great treatment option, prolonging the survival of cancer patients. However, there are drugs that involve some side effects, adverse reactions and complications in its administration, such as the cutaneous extravasation. So, this study aims to identify the conditions of occurrence of extravasation of cytostatic drugs in patients under treatment with these drugs, having a guiding question: What are the conditions of occurrence of extravasation of cytostatic drugs in patients under treatment with these drugs? We used the descriptors "extravasation of diagnostic and therapeutic materials", "chemotherapy" and "nursing". The method used was The Integrative Literature Review, which sought access to the databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). The inclusion criteria of articles for this integrative review included articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, in no specified period, which abstracts were available in those databases and methodology would allow the evidences of levels I, II, III and IV. Then, 19 studies were identified, but only four suited the predefined criteria, which formed the sample for this study. It was observed that most drugs that cause skin irritation were Epirubicin, Docetaxel, and Cyclophosphamide. The signs and symptoms of extravasation mentioned by all the articles were the decrease or end of dripping, reduction or absence of venous return, local pain, erythema, edema, ulceration and necrosis, but any of them could detail the puncture site.The results compounds were only of studies about the evidence level IV. Therefore, more primary studies should be performed in order to identify which antiblastic drugs can cause more skin irritation, among other issues, since many chemotherapeutic agents can result in this complication. This way, prevention measures should be implemented by the nurse in this scenario, by means of technical knowledge based on scientific evidences.