Bioeconomia das infestações de moscas sinantrópicas e ácaros hematófagos em galpão de granja de postura do estado de Minas Gerais

Abstract

Brazilian agribusiness is among the most important productive activities for the country's economy. Each year its indexes advance in terms of productivity and commercialization. Added to this, discussions about the availability and consumption of animal protein have gained scientific prominence due to food insecurity and the unpredictability of the future. Producing food with quality and in sufficient quantities to meet population growth has become one of humanity's greatest challenges. Therefore, it is important to know and discuss possible negative impacts caused by muscoid diptera and hematophagous mites on egg production. Three different studies were carried out, the first with the objective of knowing the productive and economic aspects of eggs in Brazil, the second to discuss the epidemiology of occurrences of hematophagous mites and assess the main risk factors for the occurrence of Musca domestica and the third to estimate the economic impacts of diptera and hematophagous mite infestations for an egg production poultry house. The description and georeferencing of production variables, egg marketing values, risk factors was carried out from a secondary database, between the years 2010 to 2020. The main risk factors for M. domestica were verified using logistic regression models. For the analysis of economic impacts, stochastic models were built, applying the Latin hypercube simulation, considering a poultry house with 50.000 laying hens, during a one-year production cycle. In 2019, Brazil had a per capita consumption of 230 eggs per capita and an increase in the price of eggs by 21%. The Hy-Line White, Lohmann White, Hisex White and Dekalb White were the most frequent lineages (70%). The spatial distribution of risk variables for hematophagous mites showed a greater presence of rodents (12), land canary (Sicalis flaveola) (11) and cattle heron (Bubulcus ibis) (8). The waste removal interval (OR=1.004; 95%CI=1.001 to 1.006; p=0.001), manure moisture (OR=2.56; 95%CI = 2.001 to 3.28; p=0.000) and the Region of Passos (OR=123.81; 95%CI=14.47 to 1058.98; p=0.000) were predisposing variables for the occurrence of M. domestica. For a poultry house with 50.000 laying hens it was estimated an average impact of R$30.862,26 caused by infestations by muscoid diptera and R$228.313,67 by hematophagous mites. The average cost to control diptera with cyromazine was estimated at R$6.282,98 and with diflubenzuron an average cost of R$6.578,92. The chemical control for hematophagous mites with cypermethrin was estimated at R$6.276,00 and with fluralaner R$16.842,67. Estimates of costs associated with ectoparasitic infestations are costly for poultry houses. It should be noted that cost is not the only tool used for decision making for chemical control, but efficiency, sensitivity and safety for animals and for egg production must be considered.