Efeitos da intervenção de profissionais da saúde na estrutura e função corporais e nos fatores ambientais na prevenção de quedas em idosos: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: The number of elderly people has grown significantly worldwide. The risk of falls can become a common event in this population, whether due to fragility or difficult environmental factors. Much is said about exercise programs to improve the physical quality of the elderly, interfering in structure and function, but actions related to environmental factors are still seen by health professionals with certain shyness. Objective: To analyze, in studies already carried out, the effects of the intervention of health professionals on the corporate structure and function and on environmental factors in the prevention of falls in elderly people living in the community and to investigate whether the professional who associates intervention in corporate structure and function together with environmental factors, it has more satisfactory results in preventing these falls. Methodology: The searches were carried out in the PEDro ,, Lilacs, Medline (via Pubmed) and SciElo databases, published in the period from 2010 to June / 2020. The descriptors were required: intervention, body structure; body function; Environmental Factors; seniors; Fall prevention; community; intervention; body structure; body function; environmental factors; seniors; fall prevention; community. Results: 193 articles were found where ten were selected. The studies that intervened in the structure and function with the practice of physical exercises, obtained a lower incidence of falls and / or severe falls. Interventions performed at the patient's home, where a higher incidence of falls were observed, also had a fall reduction. Only one study addressed the intervention in both domains, observing a decrease in harmful falls but with a weak point without monitoring the effectiveness control in the domestic environment. Conclusion: Intervention in extrinsic factors and the practice of elementary exercises decrease the risk of falls, but there is evidence regarding the association of the two to enhance the balance and stability of elderly elderly people. Associates may have better results compared to special falls.