Acordo de cooperação técnico-científico entre Brasil e República Federal da Alemanha (1963-1982): práticas científicas e pedagógicas para a formação de professores de Educação Física

Abstract

This study approaches the process of transformation of some scientific and pedagogical practices experienced by Brazilian Physical Education between the 1960s and 1980s, through the analysis of projects aimed at the training and qualification of its teachers, proposed from the "Brazil/Germany Technical Assistance Agreement". This agreement promoted the circulation in Brazil of several teachers and specialists, didactic devices and pedagogical and scientific practices coming from the European country. As a result of this cooperation, a report was produced, systematized by Liselott Diem, a professor at the Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln and coordinator of the agreement, called "Sportförderung in Brasilien: Bericht über die Förderung des Sports in der Föderativen Republik Brasilien durch die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1963 bis 1982". The document, which deals with the several projects developed by the agreement, was taken, in this study, as a key source in the research process. Therefore, from the proposals aimed at the training and qualification of teachers in the area, described in the document, three projects were chosen for a more detailed analysis. The first is related to the implementation of improvement and specialization courses in several Brazilian institutions. The second is about deals the first master's degrees in Physical Education, which were established at the University of São Paulo and at the Federal Universities of Santa Maria, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. The third concerns the production and circulation of didactic devices, especially the "Physical Education Collection", produced by the publisher "Ao Livro Técnico". Besides the Report, located in the Centro de Memória da Educação Física, do Esporte e do Lazer (Cemef/UFMG), other sources were accessed in this same collection, as well as in the General Archive of the University of São Paulo, in the Inezil Penna Marinho Memory Center, of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and in the Physical Education and Sports Center of the Federal University of Santa Maria. The press of the time was also consulted. The mobilization of this set of documents allowed us to understand, from the ways of doing and thinking of the subjects and institutions involved, the contributions of the German presence to a transformation movement experienced by Brazilian Physical Education. There is a shift in the scientific and pedagogical discourses and practices of the area, as well as in the strategies for the qualification of its teachers, who started betting on science and sport as central signs. The need to establish an interdependence between didactic improvement, which was related to the techniques for teaching and learning sports practice, and conceptual and scientific improvement, was highlighted by specialists from the European country. This movement demanded that different supports and strategies of production, dissemination and circulation of knowledge related to the area were mobilized and elaborated, becoming didactic tools frequently used by teachers in the European country. This dynamic, which articulated the interests and demands of the military regime's policies, subjects and institutions in the area, German experts, and even the publishing market, composed a common framework that aimed, above all, to focus on teacher qualification for the scientificization and modernization of Brazilian Physical Education.