Mudanças do uso e cobertura da terra e avaliação do potencial de impactos na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Rio Pandeiros - MG

Abstract

A major research question that has been prominent in recent decades is how to combine development and conservation of natural resources. In this context, several possibilities and objectives arise that subsidize the creation of conservation units (UC). Quantifying changes in land use and land cover in UC, through geoprocessing, allows to know the pattern of territorial organization and to identify problems and conflicts of interest in its occupation and ordination. Starting from a more integrated view, geospatial analyzes allow for diagnostics at different scales, correlating factors and phenomena, which, in turn, allow for a proactive management of the territory. The present study was developed in a conservation unit categorized as sustainable use, called the Rio Pandeiros Environmental Protection Area (APARP), located in the municipalities of Januária, Bonito de Minas and Cônego Marinho. Centrally, APARP's role is to maintain conservation actions for its unique biodiversity, mainly in wetlands (veredas), but also to enable the social and economic development of the communities that live there. The objective is to verify, through multicriteria analyses, the potential areas for expansion of anthropic activity and for environmental preservation, as well as if there are conflicts of interest in the occupation and use of the land. The existing Management Plan (MP) was analyzed and exploratory data analyzes were carried out in order to identify a possible correlation between the occurrence of fires and the degradation of the ottobacias that make up the watershed. Using remote sensing tools and map algebra, the land use and land cover map in the year 2020, the NDVI and NRVI, the detection of quali-quantitative changes in the use classes, along with the potential maps for anthropic expansion and for environmental preservation, the conflicting use matrix and the Moran global and local index related to the occurrence of fires and NRVI. The results showed that: the APARP is in a satisfactory ecological successional process with regard to native vegetation cover and present 93% of territory coverage, there is a resistant and systematic anthropic pressure in the wetlands and in the pantanal of Minas Gerais, the occurrence of fires is possibly associated with the maintenance of agriculture and pasture activities and that a review of the PM is recommended with regard to zoning, especially in the region defined as Consolidated Rural Zone, a region of high environmental relevance. It was also verified that, in general, the goals established in the PM, have been fulfilled, but, considering the difficult economic reality and the observed environmental preservation, there is still a need to implement tangible actions aimed at the socioeconomic development of communities, such as the implementation of incentives aimed at cooperative activities, environmental awareness and education associated with conservation practices and development in nature.