O perfil dos trabalhadores, seu adoecimento e absenteísmo em um hospital público universitário

Abstract

Master’s dissertation in public health – work and health area - developed under an article’s format. The first article, titled “Absenteeism in work in health area and related factors”, presents a literature revision about the absenteeism, caused by illnesses, and factors related to its magnitude and variability. The article emphasizes the workers from hospital and from health sectors. The absenteeism concepts and its counterpoint, presenteeism, are presented. The factors related to the absenteeism are those related to the socio-demographic profile and to the work environment, including the psychosocial risks. The peculiar situations of work environment in health area and the behavior elements involved in the decisive process were also considered, as well as the motivation and the individual relationship with work and with its health-disease process. In the second article, the absenteeism indicators of a hospital organization have been analyzed in the period of one year. Only the licenses homologated by the medical services or those expedited by the medical expertness or by the INSS were considered. The absenteeism index reached 5,3%. The severity rate reached 8,3 days; the danger rate, 12,5 days and the average frequency per worker reached 1,9. The identified risk factors were: feminine sex, legal bond, schooling, nocturnal work, service time, nursing positions, operational positions and distinct work sectors of administration. The nosology which have been more frequent were respiratory illnesses, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and mental and behavior disorder. Two basic groupings have been identified: workers who have been moved off for a short period of time due to respiratory illnesses, digestive system diseases and general symptoms, and a second group, with a drawn out remoteness caused by mental disorder, neoplasia and other chronic-degenerative illnesses. The musculoskeletal diseases, also with high prevalence, generate remoteness for long or short periods. The studies upheld the absenteeism as an important health indicator, as well as a worker motivation indicator and organizational work situation pointer. The scant availability of absenteeism statistics, especially in health area, hampers the data analyzes in its magnitude, the comparisons with others institutions and its evolution throughout the years. The incentive to the verification of the absenteeism by the organizations, classes entities and research institutions could be a factor of performance in this entity.